<<<<<<< HEAD rgpv syllabus MPharm PCI Grading System 1st Semester Microsoft Word - M Pharm PCI Syllabus all branches

PHARMACOGNOSY (MPG)


MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MPG 101T)


Scope

This subject deals with various advanced analytical instrumental techniques for identification, characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are NMR, Mass spectrometer, IR, HPLC, GC etc.


Objectives

After completion of course student is able to know,

The analysis of various drugs in single and combination dosage forms

Theoretical and practical skills of the instruments


THEORY 60 Hrs

1. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy.

IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample

handling, Instrumentation of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy

Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence, Quenchers, Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.

Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption

spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation, Interferences and Applications.


  1. NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle, Instrumentation, Solvent requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various compounds, Chemical shift, Factors influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear magnetic double resonance, Brief outline of principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications of NMR spectroscopy.1

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

  2. Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different types of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.


  3. Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters, factors affecting resolution, isolation of drug from excipients, data interpretation and applications of the following:

    1. Thin Layer chromatography

    2. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

    3. Ion exchange chromatography

    4. Column chromatography

    5. Gas chromatography

    6. High Performance Liquid chromatography

    7. Ultra High Performance Liquid chromatography

    8. Affinity chromatography

    9. Gel Chromatography


  4. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation and applications of the following:

    1. Paper electrophoresis

    2. Gel electrophoresis

    3. Capillary electrophoresis

    4. Zone electrophoresis

    5. Moving boundary electrophoresis

    6. Iso electric focusing


      X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray methods, Bragg‘s law, Rotating crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and applications of X-ray diffraction.


  5. Potentiometry: Principle, working, Ion selective Electrodes and Application of potentiometry.


Thermal Techniques: Principle, thermal transitions and Instrumentation (Heat flux and power-compensation and designs), Modulated DSC, Hyper DSC, experimental parameters (sample preparation, experimental conditions, calibration, heating and

10

Hrs


10

Hrs


10

Hrs


10

Hrs

cooling rates, resolution, source of errors) and their influence, advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Principle, instrumentation and advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications, derivative differential thermal analysis (DDTA). TGA: Principle, instrumentation, factors affecting results, advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.

REFERENCES

  1. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein, Sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

  2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman, 5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.

  3. Instrumental methods of analysis – Willards, 7th edition, CBS publishers.

  4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol II, 4th edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.

  5. Organic Spectroscopy - William Kemp, 3rd edition, ELBS, 1991.

  6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation - P D Sethi, 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.

  7. Pharmaceutical Analysis - Modern Methods – Part B - J W Munson, Vol 11, Marcel. Dekker Series

  8. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn., P.S/Kalsi, Wiley estern Ltd., Delhi.

ADVANCED PHARMACOGNOSY - I (MPG 102T)


SCOPE

To learn and understand the advances in the field of cultivation and isolation of drugs of natural origin, various phytopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and their medicinal use and health benefits.

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know the,

advances in the cultivation and production of drugs

various phyto-pharmaceuticals and their source, its utilization and medicinal value.

various nutraceuticals/herbs and their health benefits

Drugs of marine origin

Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin


THEORY 60 Hrs

1. Plant drug cultivation: General introduction to the importance of Pharmacognosy in herbal drug industry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Current Good Agricultural Practices, Current Good Cultivation Practices, Current Good Collection Practices, Conservation of medicinal plants- Ex-situ and In- situ conservation of medicinal plants.

  1. Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and purification, Study of Marine toxins, Recent advances in research in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs such as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their solution.

  2. Nutraceuticals: Current trends and future scope, Inorganic mineral supplements, Vitamin supplements, Digestive enzymes, Dietary fibres, Cereals and grains, Health drinks of natural origin, Antioxidants, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Herbs as functional foods, Formulation and standardization of neutraceuticals, Regulatory aspects, FSSAI guidelines, Sources, name of marker compounds and their chemical nature, medicinal uses and health benefits of following

    i) Spirulina ii) Soya bean iii) Ginseng iv) Garlic v) Broccoli vi) Green and Herbal Tea vii) Flax seeds viii) Black cohosh ix) Turmeric.

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

  3. Phytopharmaceuticals: Occurrence, isolation and characteristic features (Chemical nature, uses in pharmacy, medicinal and health benefits) of following.

    1. Carotenoids – i) α and β - Carotene ii) Xanthophyll (Lutein)

    2. Limonoids – i) d-Limonene ii) α – Terpineol

    3. Saponins – i) Shatavarins

    4. Flavonoids – i) Resveratrol ii) Rutin iii) Hesperidin iv)

      Naringin v) Quercetin

    5. Phenolic acids- Ellagic acid

    6. Vitamins

    7. Tocotrienols and Tocopherols

    8. Andrographolide, Glycolipids, Gugulipids, Withanolides,

      Vascine, Taxol

    9. Miscellaneous


  4. Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin: WHO and AYUSH guidelines for safety monitoring of natural medicine, Spontaneous reporting schemes for biodrug adverse reactions, bio drug-drug and bio drug-food interactions with suitable examples.

12

Hrs


12

Hrs


REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

  1. Pharmacognosy - G. E. Trease and W.C. Evans. Saunders Edinburgh, New York.

  2. Pharmacognosy-Tyler, Brady, Robbers

  3. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I&II

  4. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis

  5. Marine Natural Products-Vol.I to IV.

  6. Natural products: A lab guide by Raphael Ikan , Academic Press 1991.

  7. Glimpses of Indian Ethano Pharmacology, P. Pushpangadam. Ulf Nyman. V.George Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, 1995.

  8. Medicinal natural products (a biosynthetic approach), Paul M. Dewick, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 1998.

  9. Chemistry of Marine Natural Products- Paul J. Schewer 1973.

  10. Herbal Drug Industry by RD. Choudhary, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi, 1996.

  11. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants by C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapoor.

  12. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants, C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapoor 13.Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops, AA Farooqui and B.S.

Sreeramu. University Press, 2001.

  1. Natural Products from Plants, 1st edition, by Peter B. Kaufman, CRC Press, New York, 1998

  2. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry- Vol. 1&4: Scikel Runeckles- Appleton

    Century crofts.

  3. Text book of Pharmacognosy, C.K.Kokate, Purohit, Ghokhale, Nirali Prakasshan, 1996.

  4. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, Ashutoshkar, New Age Publications, New Delhi.

    PHYTOCHEMISTRY (MPG 103T)


    SCOPE

    Students shall be equipped with the knowledge of natural product drug discovery and will be able to isolate, identify and extract and the phyto- constituents

    OBJECTIVES

    Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know the,

    different classes of phytoconstituents, their biosynthetic pathways, their properties, extraction and general process of natural product drug discovery

    phytochemical fingerprinting and structure elucidation of phytoconstituents.


    THEORY






    60 Hrs

    1. Biosynthetic

    pathways

    and

    Radio

    tracing

    techniques:

    12

    Constituents & their Biosynthesis, Isolation, Characterization and purification with a special reference to their importance in herbal industries of following phyto-pharmaceuticals containing drugs:

    1. Alkaloids: Ephedrine, Quinine, Strychynine, Piperine, Berberine, Taxol, Vinca alkoloids.

    2. Glycosides: Digitoxin, Glycyrrhizin, Sennosides, Bacosides, Quercitin.

    3. Steroids: Hecogenin, guggulosterone and withanolides

    4. Coumarin: Umbelliferone.

    5. Terpenoids: Cucurbitacins


  1. Drug discovery and development: History of herbs as source of drugs and drug discovery, the lead structure selection process, structure development, product discovery process and drug registration, Selection and optimization of lead compounds with suitable examples from the following source : artemesin, andrographolides. Clinical studies emphasising on phases of clinical trials, protocol design for lead molecules.


  2. Extraction and Phytochemical studies: Recent advances in extractions with emphasis on selection of method and choice of solvent for extraction, successive and exhaustive extraction and other methods of extraction commonly used like microwave

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

    assisted extraction, Methods of fractionation. Separation of phytoconstituents by latest CCCET, SCFE techniques including preparative HPLC and Flash column chromatography.


  3. Phytochemical finger printing: HPTLC and LCMS/GCMS applications in the characterization of herbal extracts. Structure elucidation of phytoconstituents.


  4. Structure elucidation of the following compounds by spectroscopic techniques like UV, IR, MS, NMR (1H, 13C)

    1. Carvone, Citral, Menthol

    2. Luteolin, Kaempferol

    3. Nicotine, Caffeine iv) Glycyrrhizin.

12

Hrs


12

Hrs


REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

  1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar Vol.II

  2. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans, ELBS.

  3. Pharmacognosy by Tylor and Brady.

  4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Wallis.

  5. Clark’s isolation and Identification of drugs by A.C. Mottal.

  6. Plant Drug Analysis by Wagner & Bladt.

  7. Wilson and Gisvolds text book of Organic Medicinnal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Deorge. R.F.

  8. The Chemistry of Natural Products, Edited by R.H. Thomson, Springer International Edn. 1994.

  9. Natural Products Chemistry Practical Manual by Anees A Siddiqui and SeemiSiddiqui

  10. Organic Chemistry of Natural Products, Vol. 1&2. Gurdeep R Chatwal.

  11. Chemistry of Natural Products- Vol. 1 onwards IWPAC.

  12. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I&II 13.Medicinal Natural products – a biosynthetic approach, Dewick PM, John

Wiley & Sons, Toronto, 1998.

14.Chemistry of Natural Products, Bhat SV, Nagasampagi BA, Meenakshi S, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

15.Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, 2nd edition, Bruneton J, Interceptt Ltd., New York, 1999.

INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSTICAL TECHNOLOGY (MPG 104T)


SCOPE

To understand the Industrial and commercial potential of drugs of natural origin, integrate traditional Indian systems of medicine with modern medicine and also to know regulatory and quality policy for the trade of herbals and drugs of natural origin.

OBJECTIVES

By the end of the course the student shall be able to know,

the requirements for setting up the herbal/natural drug industry.

the guidelines for quality of herbal/natural medicines and regulatory issues.

the patenting/IPR of herbals/natural drugs and trade of raw and finished materials.

THEORY 60 Hrs

1. Herbal drug industry: Infrastructure of herbal drug industry involved in production of standardized extracts and various dosage forms. Current challenges in upgrading and modernization of herbal formulations. Entrepreneurship Development, Project selection, project report, technical knowledge, Capital venture, plant design, layout and construction. Pilot plant scale –up techniques, case studies of herbal extracts. Formulation and production management of herbals.


  1. Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry: Global marketing management. Indian and international patent law as applicable herbal drugs and natural products. Export - Import (EXIM) policy, TRIPS.

    Quality assurance in herbal/natural drug products. Concepts of TQM, GMP, GLP, ISO-9000.


  2. Monographs of herbal drugs: General parameters of monographs of herbal drugs and comparative study in IP, USP, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Siddha and Unani Pharmacopoeia, American herbal pharmacopoeia, British herbal pharmacopoeia, WHO guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs.

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

  3. Testing of natural products and drugs: Herbal medicines - clinical laboratory testing. Stability testing of natural products, protocols.


  4. Patents: Indian and international patent laws, proposed amendments as applicable to herbal/natural products and process. Geographical indication, Copyright, Patentable subject maters, novelty, non obviousness, utility, enablement and best mode, procedure for Indian patent filing, patent processing, grant of patents, rights of patents, cases of patents, opposition and revocation of patents, patent search and literature, Controllers of patents.

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs


    REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

    1. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.

    2. GMP for Botanicals - Regulatory and Quality issues on Phytomedicine by Pulok K Mukharjee (2003), Ist Edition, Business horizons Robert Verpoorte, New Delhi.

    3. Quality control of herbal drugs by Pulok K Mukarjee (2002), Business Horizons Pharmaceutical Publisher, New Delhi.

    4. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2000), Medicinal Economic Company, New Jersey.

    5. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002), IDMA, Mumbai.

    6. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (1996), Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi.

    7. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by Vinod D. RangarI (2002), Part I & II, Career Publication, Nasik, India.

    8. Plant drug analysis by H.Wagner and S.Bladt, Springer, Berlin.

    9. Standardization of Botanicals. Testing and extraction methods of medicinal herbs by V. Rajpal (2004), Vol.I, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.

    10. Phytochemical Dictionary. Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants by J.B.Harborne, (1999), IInd Edition, Taylor and Francis Ltd, UK.

    11. Herbal Medicine. Expanded Commission E Monographs by M.Blumenthal, (2004), IST Edition,

    12. Drug Formulation Manual by D.P.S.Kohli and D.H.Shah (1998), Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.

PHARMACOGNOSY PRACTICAL - I (MPG I05P)

  1. Analysis of Pharmacopoeial compounds of natural origin and their formulations by UV Vis spectrophotometer

  2. Analysis of recorded spectra of simple phytoconstituents

  3. Experiments based on Gas Chromatography

  4. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry

  5. Development of fingerprint of selected medicinal plant extracts commonly used in herbal drug industry viz. Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Bael, Amla, Ginger, Aloe, Vidang, Senna, Lawsonia by TLC/HPTLC method.

  6. Methods of extraction

  7. Phytochemical screening

  8. Demonstration of HPLC- estimation of glycerrhizin

  9. Monograph analysis of clove oil

  10. Monograph analysis of castor oil.

  11. Identification of bioactive constituents from plant extracts

  12. Formulation of different dosage forms and their standardisation.

======= rgpv syllabus MPharm PCI Grading System 1st Semester Microsoft Word - M Pharm PCI Syllabus all branches

PHARMACOGNOSY (MPG)


MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MPG 101T)


Scope

This subject deals with various advanced analytical instrumental techniques for identification, characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are NMR, Mass spectrometer, IR, HPLC, GC etc.


Objectives

After completion of course student is able to know,

The analysis of various drugs in single and combination dosage forms

Theoretical and practical skills of the instruments


THEORY 60 Hrs

1. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy.

IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample

handling, Instrumentation of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy

Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence, Quenchers, Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.

Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption

spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation, Interferences and Applications.


  1. NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle, Instrumentation, Solvent requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various compounds, Chemical shift, Factors influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear magnetic double resonance, Brief outline of principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications of NMR spectroscopy.1

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

  2. Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different types of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.


  3. Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters, factors affecting resolution, isolation of drug from excipients, data interpretation and applications of the following:

    1. Thin Layer chromatography

    2. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

    3. Ion exchange chromatography

    4. Column chromatography

    5. Gas chromatography

    6. High Performance Liquid chromatography

    7. Ultra High Performance Liquid chromatography

    8. Affinity chromatography

    9. Gel Chromatography


  4. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation and applications of the following:

    1. Paper electrophoresis

    2. Gel electrophoresis

    3. Capillary electrophoresis

    4. Zone electrophoresis

    5. Moving boundary electrophoresis

    6. Iso electric focusing


      X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray methods, Bragg‘s law, Rotating crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and applications of X-ray diffraction.


  5. Potentiometry: Principle, working, Ion selective Electrodes and Application of potentiometry.


Thermal Techniques: Principle, thermal transitions and Instrumentation (Heat flux and power-compensation and designs), Modulated DSC, Hyper DSC, experimental parameters (sample preparation, experimental conditions, calibration, heating and

10

Hrs


10

Hrs


10

Hrs


10

Hrs

cooling rates, resolution, source of errors) and their influence, advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Principle, instrumentation and advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications, derivative differential thermal analysis (DDTA). TGA: Principle, instrumentation, factors affecting results, advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.

REFERENCES

  1. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein, Sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

  2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman, 5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.

  3. Instrumental methods of analysis – Willards, 7th edition, CBS publishers.

  4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol II, 4th edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.

  5. Organic Spectroscopy - William Kemp, 3rd edition, ELBS, 1991.

  6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation - P D Sethi, 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.

  7. Pharmaceutical Analysis - Modern Methods – Part B - J W Munson, Vol 11, Marcel. Dekker Series

  8. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn., P.S/Kalsi, Wiley estern Ltd., Delhi.

ADVANCED PHARMACOGNOSY - I (MPG 102T)


SCOPE

To learn and understand the advances in the field of cultivation and isolation of drugs of natural origin, various phytopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and their medicinal use and health benefits.

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know the,

advances in the cultivation and production of drugs

various phyto-pharmaceuticals and their source, its utilization and medicinal value.

various nutraceuticals/herbs and their health benefits

Drugs of marine origin

Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin


THEORY 60 Hrs

1. Plant drug cultivation: General introduction to the importance of Pharmacognosy in herbal drug industry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Current Good Agricultural Practices, Current Good Cultivation Practices, Current Good Collection Practices, Conservation of medicinal plants- Ex-situ and In- situ conservation of medicinal plants.

  1. Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and purification, Study of Marine toxins, Recent advances in research in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs such as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their solution.

  2. Nutraceuticals: Current trends and future scope, Inorganic mineral supplements, Vitamin supplements, Digestive enzymes, Dietary fibres, Cereals and grains, Health drinks of natural origin, Antioxidants, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Herbs as functional foods, Formulation and standardization of neutraceuticals, Regulatory aspects, FSSAI guidelines, Sources, name of marker compounds and their chemical nature, medicinal uses and health benefits of following

    i) Spirulina ii) Soya bean iii) Ginseng iv) Garlic v) Broccoli vi) Green and Herbal Tea vii) Flax seeds viii) Black cohosh ix) Turmeric.

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

  3. Phytopharmaceuticals: Occurrence, isolation and characteristic features (Chemical nature, uses in pharmacy, medicinal and health benefits) of following.

    1. Carotenoids – i) α and β - Carotene ii) Xanthophyll (Lutein)

    2. Limonoids – i) d-Limonene ii) α – Terpineol

    3. Saponins – i) Shatavarins

    4. Flavonoids – i) Resveratrol ii) Rutin iii) Hesperidin iv)

      Naringin v) Quercetin

    5. Phenolic acids- Ellagic acid

    6. Vitamins

    7. Tocotrienols and Tocopherols

    8. Andrographolide, Glycolipids, Gugulipids, Withanolides,

      Vascine, Taxol

    9. Miscellaneous


  4. Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin: WHO and AYUSH guidelines for safety monitoring of natural medicine, Spontaneous reporting schemes for biodrug adverse reactions, bio drug-drug and bio drug-food interactions with suitable examples.

12

Hrs


12

Hrs


REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

  1. Pharmacognosy - G. E. Trease and W.C. Evans. Saunders Edinburgh, New York.

  2. Pharmacognosy-Tyler, Brady, Robbers

  3. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I&II

  4. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis

  5. Marine Natural Products-Vol.I to IV.

  6. Natural products: A lab guide by Raphael Ikan , Academic Press 1991.

  7. Glimpses of Indian Ethano Pharmacology, P. Pushpangadam. Ulf Nyman. V.George Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, 1995.

  8. Medicinal natural products (a biosynthetic approach), Paul M. Dewick, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 1998.

  9. Chemistry of Marine Natural Products- Paul J. Schewer 1973.

  10. Herbal Drug Industry by RD. Choudhary, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi, 1996.

  11. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants by C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapoor.

  12. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants, C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapoor 13.Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops, AA Farooqui and B.S.

Sreeramu. University Press, 2001.

  1. Natural Products from Plants, 1st edition, by Peter B. Kaufman, CRC Press, New York, 1998

  2. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry- Vol. 1&4: Scikel Runeckles- Appleton

    Century crofts.

  3. Text book of Pharmacognosy, C.K.Kokate, Purohit, Ghokhale, Nirali Prakasshan, 1996.

  4. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, Ashutoshkar, New Age Publications, New Delhi.

    PHYTOCHEMISTRY (MPG 103T)


    SCOPE

    Students shall be equipped with the knowledge of natural product drug discovery and will be able to isolate, identify and extract and the phyto- constituents

    OBJECTIVES

    Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know the,

    different classes of phytoconstituents, their biosynthetic pathways, their properties, extraction and general process of natural product drug discovery

    phytochemical fingerprinting and structure elucidation of phytoconstituents.


    THEORY






    60 Hrs

    1. Biosynthetic

    pathways

    and

    Radio

    tracing

    techniques:

    12

    Constituents & their Biosynthesis, Isolation, Characterization and purification with a special reference to their importance in herbal industries of following phyto-pharmaceuticals containing drugs:

    1. Alkaloids: Ephedrine, Quinine, Strychynine, Piperine, Berberine, Taxol, Vinca alkoloids.

    2. Glycosides: Digitoxin, Glycyrrhizin, Sennosides, Bacosides, Quercitin.

    3. Steroids: Hecogenin, guggulosterone and withanolides

    4. Coumarin: Umbelliferone.

    5. Terpenoids: Cucurbitacins


  1. Drug discovery and development: History of herbs as source of drugs and drug discovery, the lead structure selection process, structure development, product discovery process and drug registration, Selection and optimization of lead compounds with suitable examples from the following source : artemesin, andrographolides. Clinical studies emphasising on phases of clinical trials, protocol design for lead molecules.


  2. Extraction and Phytochemical studies: Recent advances in extractions with emphasis on selection of method and choice of solvent for extraction, successive and exhaustive extraction and other methods of extraction commonly used like microwave

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

    assisted extraction, Methods of fractionation. Separation of phytoconstituents by latest CCCET, SCFE techniques including preparative HPLC and Flash column chromatography.


  3. Phytochemical finger printing: HPTLC and LCMS/GCMS applications in the characterization of herbal extracts. Structure elucidation of phytoconstituents.


  4. Structure elucidation of the following compounds by spectroscopic techniques like UV, IR, MS, NMR (1H, 13C)

    1. Carvone, Citral, Menthol

    2. Luteolin, Kaempferol

    3. Nicotine, Caffeine iv) Glycyrrhizin.

12

Hrs


12

Hrs


REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

  1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar Vol.II

  2. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans, ELBS.

  3. Pharmacognosy by Tylor and Brady.

  4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Wallis.

  5. Clark’s isolation and Identification of drugs by A.C. Mottal.

  6. Plant Drug Analysis by Wagner & Bladt.

  7. Wilson and Gisvolds text book of Organic Medicinnal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Deorge. R.F.

  8. The Chemistry of Natural Products, Edited by R.H. Thomson, Springer International Edn. 1994.

  9. Natural Products Chemistry Practical Manual by Anees A Siddiqui and SeemiSiddiqui

  10. Organic Chemistry of Natural Products, Vol. 1&2. Gurdeep R Chatwal.

  11. Chemistry of Natural Products- Vol. 1 onwards IWPAC.

  12. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I&II 13.Medicinal Natural products – a biosynthetic approach, Dewick PM, John

Wiley & Sons, Toronto, 1998.

14.Chemistry of Natural Products, Bhat SV, Nagasampagi BA, Meenakshi S, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

15.Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, 2nd edition, Bruneton J, Interceptt Ltd., New York, 1999.

INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSTICAL TECHNOLOGY (MPG 104T)


SCOPE

To understand the Industrial and commercial potential of drugs of natural origin, integrate traditional Indian systems of medicine with modern medicine and also to know regulatory and quality policy for the trade of herbals and drugs of natural origin.

OBJECTIVES

By the end of the course the student shall be able to know,

the requirements for setting up the herbal/natural drug industry.

the guidelines for quality of herbal/natural medicines and regulatory issues.

the patenting/IPR of herbals/natural drugs and trade of raw and finished materials.

THEORY 60 Hrs

1. Herbal drug industry: Infrastructure of herbal drug industry involved in production of standardized extracts and various dosage forms. Current challenges in upgrading and modernization of herbal formulations. Entrepreneurship Development, Project selection, project report, technical knowledge, Capital venture, plant design, layout and construction. Pilot plant scale –up techniques, case studies of herbal extracts. Formulation and production management of herbals.


  1. Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry: Global marketing management. Indian and international patent law as applicable herbal drugs and natural products. Export - Import (EXIM) policy, TRIPS.

    Quality assurance in herbal/natural drug products. Concepts of TQM, GMP, GLP, ISO-9000.


  2. Monographs of herbal drugs: General parameters of monographs of herbal drugs and comparative study in IP, USP, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Siddha and Unani Pharmacopoeia, American herbal pharmacopoeia, British herbal pharmacopoeia, WHO guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs.

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs

  3. Testing of natural products and drugs: Herbal medicines - clinical laboratory testing. Stability testing of natural products, protocols.


  4. Patents: Indian and international patent laws, proposed amendments as applicable to herbal/natural products and process. Geographical indication, Copyright, Patentable subject maters, novelty, non obviousness, utility, enablement and best mode, procedure for Indian patent filing, patent processing, grant of patents, rights of patents, cases of patents, opposition and revocation of patents, patent search and literature, Controllers of patents.

    12

    Hrs


    12

    Hrs


    REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

    1. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.

    2. GMP for Botanicals - Regulatory and Quality issues on Phytomedicine by Pulok K Mukharjee (2003), Ist Edition, Business horizons Robert Verpoorte, New Delhi.

    3. Quality control of herbal drugs by Pulok K Mukarjee (2002), Business Horizons Pharmaceutical Publisher, New Delhi.

    4. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2000), Medicinal Economic Company, New Jersey.

    5. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002), IDMA, Mumbai.

    6. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (1996), Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi.

    7. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by Vinod D. RangarI (2002), Part I & II, Career Publication, Nasik, India.

    8. Plant drug analysis by H.Wagner and S.Bladt, Springer, Berlin.

    9. Standardization of Botanicals. Testing and extraction methods of medicinal herbs by V. Rajpal (2004), Vol.I, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.

    10. Phytochemical Dictionary. Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants by J.B.Harborne, (1999), IInd Edition, Taylor and Francis Ltd, UK.

    11. Herbal Medicine. Expanded Commission E Monographs by M.Blumenthal, (2004), IST Edition,

    12. Drug Formulation Manual by D.P.S.Kohli and D.H.Shah (1998), Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.

PHARMACOGNOSY PRACTICAL - I (MPG I05P)

  1. Analysis of Pharmacopoeial compounds of natural origin and their formulations by UV Vis spectrophotometer

  2. Analysis of recorded spectra of simple phytoconstituents

  3. Experiments based on Gas Chromatography

  4. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry

  5. Development of fingerprint of selected medicinal plant extracts commonly used in herbal drug industry viz. Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Bael, Amla, Ginger, Aloe, Vidang, Senna, Lawsonia by TLC/HPTLC method.

  6. Methods of extraction

  7. Phytochemical screening

  8. Demonstration of HPLC- estimation of glycerrhizin

  9. Monograph analysis of clove oil

  10. Monograph analysis of castor oil.

  11. Identification of bioactive constituents from plant extracts

  12. Formulation of different dosage forms and their standardisation.

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