<<<<<<< HEAD rgpv syllabus BPharm CBGS 7th Semester Microsoft Word - Syllabus B.Pharm. Semester _VII


B.PHARM. SEMESTER - VII

B.PHARM. SEMESTER VII

PY-701 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Theory)


Scope: This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the principles and instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic technique. This also emphasizes on theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for drug testing.


Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

Understand the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiations and its applications in drug analysis

Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.

Perform quantitative & qualitative analysis of drugs using various analytical instruments.


Course Content:

UNIT –I


UV Visible spectroscopy

Electronic transitions, chromophores, auxochromes, spectral shifts, solvent effect on absorption spectra, Beer and Lambert’s law, Derivation and deviations.

Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells, detectors-Photo tube, Photomultiplier tube, Photo voltaic cell, Silicon Photodiode.

Applications - Spectrophotometric titrations, Single component and multi component analysis

Fluorimetry

Theory, Concepts of singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states, internal and external conversions, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, instrumentation and applications


UNIT –II


IR spectroscopy

Introduction, fundamental modes of vibrations in poly atomic molecules, sample handling, factors affecting vibrations

Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, detectors - Golay cell, Bolometer, Thermocouple, Thermister, Pyroelectric detector and applications

Flame Photometry-Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications

Atomic absorption spectroscopy- Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications

Nepheloturbidometry- Principle, instrumentation and applications


UNIT –III


Introduction to chromatography

Adsorption and partition column chromatography-Methodology, advantages, disadvantages and applications.

Thin layer chromatography- Introduction, Principle, Methodology, Rf values, advantages, disadvantages and applications.

Paper chromatography-Introduction, methodology, development techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications

Electrophoresis– Introduction, factors affecting electrophoretic mobility, Techniques of paper, gel, capillary electrophoresis, applications

UNIT –IV


Gas chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation, derivatization, temperature programming, advantages, disadvantages and applications

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-Introduction, theory, instrumentation, advantages and applications.


UNIT –V


Ion exchange chromatography- Introduction, classification, ion exchange resins, properties, mechanism of ion exchange process, factors affecting ion exchange, methodology and applications

Gel chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications

Affinity chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications

PY-701 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Practical)


Determination of absorption maxima and effect of solvents on absorption maxima of organic compounds

Estimation of dextrose by colorimetry Estimation of sulfanilamide by colorimetry

Simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and paracetamol by UV spectroscopy Assay of paracetamol by UV- Spectrophotometry

Estimation of quinine sulfate by fluorimetry Study of quenching of fluorescence Determination of sodium by flame photometry Determination of potassium by flame photometry

Determination of chlorides and sulphates by nephelo turbidometry Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography

Separation of sugars by thin layer chromatography Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography Demonstration experiment on HPLC

Demonstration experiment on Gas Chromatography


Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma

3. Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar

Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett

Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein

PY-702 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-II (Theory)


Scope: This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on pharmaceutical product development and translation from laboratory to market

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to:

Know the process of pilot plant and scale up of pharmaceutical dosage forms Understand the process of technology transfer from lab scale to commercial batch Know different Laws and Acts that regulate pharmaceutical industry

Understand the approval process and regulatory requirements for drug products

Course Content:


UNIT-I

Pilot plant scale up techniques: General considerations - including significance of personnel requirements, space requirements, raw materials, Pilot plant scale up considerations for solids, liquid orals, semi solids and relevant documentation, SUPAC guidelines, Introduction to platform technology


UNIT-II

Technology development and transfer: WHO guidelines for Technology Transfer(TT): Terminology, Technology transfer protocol, Quality risk management, Transfer from R

D to production (Process, packaging and cleaning), Granularity of TT Process (API, excipients, finished products, packaging materials) Documentation, Premises and equipments, qualification and validation, quality control, analytical method transfer, Approved regulatory bodies and agencies, Commercialization - practical aspects and problems (case studies), TT agencies in India - APCTD, NRDC, TIFAC, BCIL, TBSE / SIDBI; TT related documentation - confidentiality agreement, licensing, MoUs, legal issues


UNIT-III

Regulatory affairs: Introduction, Historical overview of Regulatory Affairs, Regulatory authorities, Role of Regulatory affairs department, Responsibility of Regulatory Affairs Professionals

Regulatory requirements for drug approval: Drug Development Teams, Non-Clinical Drug Development, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, General considerations of Investigational New Drug (IND) Application, Investigator’s Brochure (IB) and New Drug Application (NDA), Clinical research / BE studies, Clinical Research Protocols, Biostatistics in Pharmaceutical Product Development, Data Presentation for FDA Submissions, Management of Clinical Studies.

UNIT-IV

Quality management systems: Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total Quality Management, Quality by Design (QbD), Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO 14000, NABL, GLP

UNIT-V

Indian Regulatory Requirements: Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and State Licensing Authority: Organization, Responsibilities, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (COPP), Regulatory requirements and approval procedures for New Drugs.


Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

Regulatory Affairs from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia modified on 7th April available at http,//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_ Affairs.

International Regulatory Affairs Updates, 2005. available at http://www.iraup.com/about.php

Douglas J Pisano and David S. Mantus. Text book of FDA Regulatory Affairs A Guide for Prescription Drugs, Medical Devices, and Biologics’ Second Edition.

Regulatory Affairs brought by learning plus, inc. available at http.//www.cgmp.com/ra.htm.

PY- 703 PHARMACY PRACTICE (Theory)


Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug information, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care. In community pharmacy, students will be learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor ailments by providing suitable safe medication, patient counselling for improved patient care in the community set up.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know various drug distribution methods in a hospital

appreciate the pharmacy stores management and inventory control

monitor drug therapy of patient through medication chart review and clinical review

obtain medication history interview and counsel the patients identify drug related problems

detect and assess adverse drug reactions

interpret selected laboratory results (as monitoring parameters in therapeutics) of specific disease states

know pharmaceutical care services

do patient counseling in community pharmacy; appreciate the concept of Rational drug therapy.


Unit I:

Hospital and it’s organization

Definition, Classification of hospital- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary hospitals, Classification based on clinical and non- clinical basis, Organization Structure of a Hospital, and Medical staffs involved in the hospital and their functions.

Hospital pharmacy and its organization

Definition, functions of hospital pharmacy, Organization structure, Location, Layout and staff requirements, and Responsibilities and functions of hospital pharmacists.


Adverse drug reaction

Classifications - Excessive pharmacological effects, secondary pharmacological effects, idiosyncrasy, allergic drug reactions, genetically determined toxicity, toxicity following sudden withdrawal of drugs, Drug interaction- beneficial interactions, adverse interactions, and pharmacokinetic drug interactions, Methods for detecting

drug interactions, spontaneous case reports and record linkage studies, and Adverse drug reaction reporting and management.


d) Community Pharmacy

Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, types and design, Legal requirements for establishment and maintenance of a drug store, Dispensing of proprietary products, maintenance of records of retail and wholesale drug store.


Unit II:

Drug distribution system in a hospital

Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy and labelling, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients, and Dispensing of controlled drugs.


Hospital formulary

Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of drug from hospital formulary.


Therapeutic drug monitoring

Need for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Factors to be considered during the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, and Indian scenario for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.


Medication adherence

Causes of medication non-adherence, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, and monitoring of patient medication adherence.


Patient medication history interview

Need for the patient medication history interview, medication interview forms.


f) Community pharmacy management

Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure requirements.


Unit III:

Pharmacy and therapeutic committee

Organization, functions, Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee in including drugs into formulary, inpatient and outpatient prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug list preparation.


  1. Drug information services

    Drug and Poison information centre, Sources of drug information, Computerised services, and storage and retrieval of information.


  2. Patient counseling


Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in patient counseling, and Special cases that require the pharmacist


Education and training program in the hospital

Role of pharmacist in the education and training program, Internal and external training program, Services to the nursing homes/clinics, Code of ethics for community pharmacy, and Role of pharmacist in the interdepartmental communication and community health education.


Prescribed medication order and communication skills

Prescribed medication order- interpretation and legal requirements, and Communication skills- communication with prescribers and patients.


Unit IV

  1. Budget

    preparation and implementation

    Budget preparation and implementation


  2. Clinical Pharmacy

Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart review, clinical review, pharmacist intervention, Ward round participation, Medication history and Pharmaceutical care.

Dosing pattern and drug therapy based on Pharmacokinetic & disease pattern.


Over the counter (OTC) sales

Introduction and sale of over the counter, and Rational use of common over the counter medications.


Unit V

Drug store management and inventory control

Organisation of drug store, types of materials stocked and storage conditions, Purchase and inventory control: principles, purchase procedure, purchase order, procurement and stocking, Economic order quantity, Reorder quantity level, and Methods used for the analysis of the drug expenditure


Investigational use of drugs

Description, principles involved, classification, control, identification, role of hospital pharmacist, advisory committee.


Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests

Blood chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis


Recommended Books (Latest Edition):

Merchant S.H. and Dr. J.S.Quadry. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed. Ahmadabad: B.S. Shah Prakakshan; 2001.

Parthasarathi G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of

st

Clinical Pharmacy Practice- essential concepts and skills, 1 ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited; 2004.

William E. Hassan. Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.

Tipnis Bajaj. Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.

Scott LT. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4thed. American Society of Health System Pharmacists Inc; 2009.

Parmar N.S. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS Publishers & Distributers; 2008.

Journals:

Therapeutic drug monitoring. ISSN: 0163-4356 Journal of pharmacy practice. ISSN : 0974-8326

American journal of health system pharmacy. ISSN: 1535-2900 (online) Pharmacy times (Monthly magazine)

PY- 704 NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (Theory)


Scope: This subject is designed to impart basic knowledge on the area of novel drug delivery systems.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able

To understand various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems. To understand the criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of Novel drug delivery systems, their formulation and evaluation

Course content:

Unit-I

Controlled drug delivery systems: Introduction, terminology/definitions and rationale, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug candidates.Approaches to design controlled release formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. Physicochemical and biological properties of drugs relevant to controlled release formulations

Polymers: Introduction, classification, properties, advantages and application of polymers in formulation of controlled release drug delivery systems.

Unit-II

Microencapsulation: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, microspheres

/microcapsules, microparticles, methods of microencapsulation, applications

Mucosal Drug Delivery system: Introduction, Principles of bioadhesion / mucoadhesion, concepts, advantages and disadvantages, transmucosal permeability and formulation considerations of buccal delivery systems

Implantable Drug Delivery Systems:Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, concept of implantsand osmotic pump

Unit-III

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, Permeation through skin, factors affecting permeation, permeation enhancers, basic components of TDDS, formulation approaches

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Introduction, advantages, disadvantages, approaches for GRDDS – Floating, high density systems, inflatable and gastroadhesive systems and their applications

Nasopulmonary drug delivery system: Introduction to Nasal and Pulmonary routes of drug delivery, Formulation of Inhalers (dry powder and metered dose), nasal sprays, nebulizers

Unit-IV

Targeted drug Delivery: Concepts and approaches advantages and disadvantages, introduction to liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies and their applications


Unit-V

Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, intra ocular barriers and methods to overcome –Preliminary study, ocular formulations and ocuserts

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, development of intra uterine devices (IUDs) and applications


Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.

Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.

Encyclopedia of Controlled Delivery. Edith Mathiowitz, Published by Wiley Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. Chichester/Weinheim

N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).

S.P. Vyas and R.K. Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery -concepts and advances, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002.

Journals

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPA) Indian Drugs (IDMA)

Journal of Controlled Release (Elsevier Sciences)

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (Marcel & Decker) International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Elsevier Sciences)


PY-705 PROJECT WORK (Practical)


A project work shall be compulsory. The project shall be undertaken in any of the areas of Pharmaceutical Science.

The project shall be made under the supervision and guidance of faculty member(s). The candidate shall present a seminar on his/her project work.

Every candidate shall be required to submit the project report in triplicate(typed & bound copy not less than 25 pages). The marks shall be awarded by the project supervisor and one external examiner duly appointed by university.

======= rgpv syllabus BPharm CBGS 7th Semester Microsoft Word - Syllabus B.Pharm. Semester _VII


B.PHARM. SEMESTER - VII

B.PHARM. SEMESTER VII

PY-701 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Theory)


Scope: This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the principles and instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic technique. This also emphasizes on theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for drug testing.


Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

Understand the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiations and its applications in drug analysis

Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.

Perform quantitative & qualitative analysis of drugs using various analytical instruments.


Course Content:

UNIT –I


UV Visible spectroscopy

Electronic transitions, chromophores, auxochromes, spectral shifts, solvent effect on absorption spectra, Beer and Lambert’s law, Derivation and deviations.

Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells, detectors-Photo tube, Photomultiplier tube, Photo voltaic cell, Silicon Photodiode.

Applications - Spectrophotometric titrations, Single component and multi component analysis

Fluorimetry

Theory, Concepts of singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states, internal and external conversions, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, instrumentation and applications


UNIT –II


IR spectroscopy

Introduction, fundamental modes of vibrations in poly atomic molecules, sample handling, factors affecting vibrations

Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, detectors - Golay cell, Bolometer, Thermocouple, Thermister, Pyroelectric detector and applications

Flame Photometry-Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications

Atomic absorption spectroscopy- Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications

Nepheloturbidometry- Principle, instrumentation and applications


UNIT –III


Introduction to chromatography

Adsorption and partition column chromatography-Methodology, advantages, disadvantages and applications.

Thin layer chromatography- Introduction, Principle, Methodology, Rf values, advantages, disadvantages and applications.

Paper chromatography-Introduction, methodology, development techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications

Electrophoresis– Introduction, factors affecting electrophoretic mobility, Techniques of paper, gel, capillary electrophoresis, applications

UNIT –IV


Gas chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation, derivatization, temperature programming, advantages, disadvantages and applications

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-Introduction, theory, instrumentation, advantages and applications.


UNIT –V


Ion exchange chromatography- Introduction, classification, ion exchange resins, properties, mechanism of ion exchange process, factors affecting ion exchange, methodology and applications

Gel chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications

Affinity chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications

PY-701 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Practical)


Determination of absorption maxima and effect of solvents on absorption maxima of organic compounds

Estimation of dextrose by colorimetry Estimation of sulfanilamide by colorimetry

Simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and paracetamol by UV spectroscopy Assay of paracetamol by UV- Spectrophotometry

Estimation of quinine sulfate by fluorimetry Study of quenching of fluorescence Determination of sodium by flame photometry Determination of potassium by flame photometry

Determination of chlorides and sulphates by nephelo turbidometry Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography

Separation of sugars by thin layer chromatography Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography Demonstration experiment on HPLC

Demonstration experiment on Gas Chromatography


Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma

3. Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar

Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett

Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein

PY-702 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-II (Theory)


Scope: This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on pharmaceutical product development and translation from laboratory to market

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to:

Know the process of pilot plant and scale up of pharmaceutical dosage forms Understand the process of technology transfer from lab scale to commercial batch Know different Laws and Acts that regulate pharmaceutical industry

Understand the approval process and regulatory requirements for drug products

Course Content:


UNIT-I

Pilot plant scale up techniques: General considerations - including significance of personnel requirements, space requirements, raw materials, Pilot plant scale up considerations for solids, liquid orals, semi solids and relevant documentation, SUPAC guidelines, Introduction to platform technology


UNIT-II

Technology development and transfer: WHO guidelines for Technology Transfer(TT): Terminology, Technology transfer protocol, Quality risk management, Transfer from R

D to production (Process, packaging and cleaning), Granularity of TT Process (API, excipients, finished products, packaging materials) Documentation, Premises and equipments, qualification and validation, quality control, analytical method transfer, Approved regulatory bodies and agencies, Commercialization - practical aspects and problems (case studies), TT agencies in India - APCTD, NRDC, TIFAC, BCIL, TBSE / SIDBI; TT related documentation - confidentiality agreement, licensing, MoUs, legal issues


UNIT-III

Regulatory affairs: Introduction, Historical overview of Regulatory Affairs, Regulatory authorities, Role of Regulatory affairs department, Responsibility of Regulatory Affairs Professionals

Regulatory requirements for drug approval: Drug Development Teams, Non-Clinical Drug Development, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, General considerations of Investigational New Drug (IND) Application, Investigator’s Brochure (IB) and New Drug Application (NDA), Clinical research / BE studies, Clinical Research Protocols, Biostatistics in Pharmaceutical Product Development, Data Presentation for FDA Submissions, Management of Clinical Studies.

UNIT-IV

Quality management systems: Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total Quality Management, Quality by Design (QbD), Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO 14000, NABL, GLP

UNIT-V

Indian Regulatory Requirements: Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and State Licensing Authority: Organization, Responsibilities, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (COPP), Regulatory requirements and approval procedures for New Drugs.


Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

Regulatory Affairs from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia modified on 7th April available at http,//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_ Affairs.

International Regulatory Affairs Updates, 2005. available at http://www.iraup.com/about.php

Douglas J Pisano and David S. Mantus. Text book of FDA Regulatory Affairs A Guide for Prescription Drugs, Medical Devices, and Biologics’ Second Edition.

Regulatory Affairs brought by learning plus, inc. available at http.//www.cgmp.com/ra.htm.

PY- 703 PHARMACY PRACTICE (Theory)


Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug information, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care. In community pharmacy, students will be learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor ailments by providing suitable safe medication, patient counselling for improved patient care in the community set up.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know various drug distribution methods in a hospital

appreciate the pharmacy stores management and inventory control

monitor drug therapy of patient through medication chart review and clinical review

obtain medication history interview and counsel the patients identify drug related problems

detect and assess adverse drug reactions

interpret selected laboratory results (as monitoring parameters in therapeutics) of specific disease states

know pharmaceutical care services

do patient counseling in community pharmacy; appreciate the concept of Rational drug therapy.


Unit I:

Hospital and it’s organization

Definition, Classification of hospital- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary hospitals, Classification based on clinical and non- clinical basis, Organization Structure of a Hospital, and Medical staffs involved in the hospital and their functions.

Hospital pharmacy and its organization

Definition, functions of hospital pharmacy, Organization structure, Location, Layout and staff requirements, and Responsibilities and functions of hospital pharmacists.


Adverse drug reaction

Classifications - Excessive pharmacological effects, secondary pharmacological effects, idiosyncrasy, allergic drug reactions, genetically determined toxicity, toxicity following sudden withdrawal of drugs, Drug interaction- beneficial interactions, adverse interactions, and pharmacokinetic drug interactions, Methods for detecting

drug interactions, spontaneous case reports and record linkage studies, and Adverse drug reaction reporting and management.


d) Community Pharmacy

Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, types and design, Legal requirements for establishment and maintenance of a drug store, Dispensing of proprietary products, maintenance of records of retail and wholesale drug store.


Unit II:

Drug distribution system in a hospital

Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy and labelling, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients, and Dispensing of controlled drugs.


Hospital formulary

Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of drug from hospital formulary.


Therapeutic drug monitoring

Need for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Factors to be considered during the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, and Indian scenario for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.


Medication adherence

Causes of medication non-adherence, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, and monitoring of patient medication adherence.


Patient medication history interview

Need for the patient medication history interview, medication interview forms.


f) Community pharmacy management

Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure requirements.


Unit III:

Pharmacy and therapeutic committee

Organization, functions, Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee in including drugs into formulary, inpatient and outpatient prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug list preparation.


  1. Drug information services

    Drug and Poison information centre, Sources of drug information, Computerised services, and storage and retrieval of information.


  2. Patient counseling


Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in patient counseling, and Special cases that require the pharmacist


Education and training program in the hospital

Role of pharmacist in the education and training program, Internal and external training program, Services to the nursing homes/clinics, Code of ethics for community pharmacy, and Role of pharmacist in the interdepartmental communication and community health education.


Prescribed medication order and communication skills

Prescribed medication order- interpretation and legal requirements, and Communication skills- communication with prescribers and patients.


Unit IV

  1. Budget

    preparation and implementation

    Budget preparation and implementation


  2. Clinical Pharmacy

Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart review, clinical review, pharmacist intervention, Ward round participation, Medication history and Pharmaceutical care.

Dosing pattern and drug therapy based on Pharmacokinetic & disease pattern.


Over the counter (OTC) sales

Introduction and sale of over the counter, and Rational use of common over the counter medications.


Unit V

Drug store management and inventory control

Organisation of drug store, types of materials stocked and storage conditions, Purchase and inventory control: principles, purchase procedure, purchase order, procurement and stocking, Economic order quantity, Reorder quantity level, and Methods used for the analysis of the drug expenditure


Investigational use of drugs

Description, principles involved, classification, control, identification, role of hospital pharmacist, advisory committee.


Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests

Blood chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis


Recommended Books (Latest Edition):

Merchant S.H. and Dr. J.S.Quadry. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed. Ahmadabad: B.S. Shah Prakakshan; 2001.

Parthasarathi G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of

st

Clinical Pharmacy Practice- essential concepts and skills, 1 ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited; 2004.

William E. Hassan. Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.

Tipnis Bajaj. Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.

Scott LT. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4thed. American Society of Health System Pharmacists Inc; 2009.

Parmar N.S. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS Publishers & Distributers; 2008.

Journals:

Therapeutic drug monitoring. ISSN: 0163-4356 Journal of pharmacy practice. ISSN : 0974-8326

American journal of health system pharmacy. ISSN: 1535-2900 (online) Pharmacy times (Monthly magazine)

PY- 704 NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (Theory)


Scope: This subject is designed to impart basic knowledge on the area of novel drug delivery systems.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able

To understand various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems. To understand the criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of Novel drug delivery systems, their formulation and evaluation

Course content:

Unit-I

Controlled drug delivery systems: Introduction, terminology/definitions and rationale, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug candidates.Approaches to design controlled release formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. Physicochemical and biological properties of drugs relevant to controlled release formulations

Polymers: Introduction, classification, properties, advantages and application of polymers in formulation of controlled release drug delivery systems.

Unit-II

Microencapsulation: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, microspheres

/microcapsules, microparticles, methods of microencapsulation, applications

Mucosal Drug Delivery system: Introduction, Principles of bioadhesion / mucoadhesion, concepts, advantages and disadvantages, transmucosal permeability and formulation considerations of buccal delivery systems

Implantable Drug Delivery Systems:Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, concept of implantsand osmotic pump

Unit-III

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, Permeation through skin, factors affecting permeation, permeation enhancers, basic components of TDDS, formulation approaches

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Introduction, advantages, disadvantages, approaches for GRDDS – Floating, high density systems, inflatable and gastroadhesive systems and their applications

Nasopulmonary drug delivery system: Introduction to Nasal and Pulmonary routes of drug delivery, Formulation of Inhalers (dry powder and metered dose), nasal sprays, nebulizers

Unit-IV

Targeted drug Delivery: Concepts and approaches advantages and disadvantages, introduction to liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies and their applications


Unit-V

Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, intra ocular barriers and methods to overcome –Preliminary study, ocular formulations and ocuserts

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, development of intra uterine devices (IUDs) and applications


Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.

Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.

Encyclopedia of Controlled Delivery. Edith Mathiowitz, Published by Wiley Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. Chichester/Weinheim

N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).

S.P. Vyas and R.K. Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery -concepts and advances, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002.

Journals

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPA) Indian Drugs (IDMA)

Journal of Controlled Release (Elsevier Sciences)

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (Marcel & Decker) International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Elsevier Sciences)


PY-705 PROJECT WORK (Practical)


A project work shall be compulsory. The project shall be undertaken in any of the areas of Pharmaceutical Science.

The project shall be made under the supervision and guidance of faculty member(s). The candidate shall present a seminar on his/her project work.

Every candidate shall be required to submit the project report in triplicate(typed & bound copy not less than 25 pages). The marks shall be awarded by the project supervisor and one external examiner duly appointed by university.

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