General methods of preparation and reaction of compounds superscripted with (*) to be explained. To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and differences:
Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule.
Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedel crafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedel crafts acylation.
Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction .
Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine
Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
Fatty acids – reactions.
Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination.
Synthesis, reactions
Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives
Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only.
Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I
Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni
Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.
Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
Recrystallization Steam distillation
Acid value Saponification value Iodine value
Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/ Phenol /Aniline by acylation reaction.
2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/ Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction.
5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid / Nitro benzene by nitration reaction.
Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.
Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction. 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions.
Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.
Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction
p-Iodo benzoic acid from p-amino benzoic acid
Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan
Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and drop weight method
Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method
Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated char coal
Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants
Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer
Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent
Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single suspending agent
Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer
Determination of reaction rate constant first order.
Determination of reaction rate constant second order
Accelerated stability studies
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood.
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, ( Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration, Lung volumes and capacities, transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, resuscitation methods.
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition.
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance
Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, Newyork
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,Riverview,MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh , Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai , Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolka
Introduction to hemocytometry.
Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count
Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
Determination of bleeding time and clotting time
Determination of clotting time
Estimation of hemoglobin content
Determination of blood group.
Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
Recording of blood pressure.
Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity.
Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with the help of models, charts and specimens.
Recording of basal mass index.
Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test.
Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyzer.
Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.
Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance. Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve, isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total & viable count).
Study of different types of phase microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron microscopy.
Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s & Acid fast staining) and biochemical tests (IMViC).
Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of Physical, chemical and mechanical method of sterilization.
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods. Equipments employed in large scale sterilization.
Sterility indicators.
Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Virus.
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants
Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation. Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP.
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification.
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.
Assessment of a new antibiotic and testing of antimicrobial activity of a new substance. General aspects-environmental cleanliness.
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of formulations.
Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established and transformed cell cultures.
Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
W. B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford London.
Prescott and Dunn., Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
Peppler: Microbial Technology.
I.P., B.P., U.S.P. - latest editions.
Ananthnarayan: Text Book of Microbiology, Orient-Longman, Chennai
Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
N.K.Jain: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company
Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D. incubator, laminar flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer, refrigerator, microscopes used in experimental microbiology.
Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.
Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.
Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Demonstration).
Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Student Practical)
Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique.
Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method.
Motility determination by Hanging drop method.
Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
Bacteriological analysis of water
Biochemical test (IMViC reactions)
Revision Practical Class
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosphorylation
Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers
β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis
De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbillirubinemia and jaundice
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides and hyperuricemia and gout disease
Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions
DNA replication (semi conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins.
Concept of free energy, undergone and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy, Redox potential.
Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP
Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes
Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes
Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger.
Harper’s Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
Biochemistry by Stryer.
Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and U.Chakrapani.
Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.
Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose and starch)
Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)
Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)
Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents
Determination of blood creatinine
Determination of blood sugar
Determination of serum total cholesterol
Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH
Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
Determination of Salivary amylase activity
Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.
Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.
Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database.
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System.
Computer Application in Pharmacy – William E. Fassett –Lea and Febiger, 600 South Washington Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development –Sean Ekins – Wiley- Intescience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) – S. C. Rastogi-CBS Publishers and Distributiors 4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi – 110 002(INDIA)
Microsoft office Access - 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL Server, DAP and Infopath – Cary N. Prague – Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd., 4435/7, Ansari Road, Daryagani, New Delhi - 110002
Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a particular disease.
Create a HTML web page to show personal information.
Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools
Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard , generating label in MS WORD
Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using access
Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database
Generating report and printing the report from patient database
Creating invoice table using – MS Access
Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
Creating and working with queries in MS Access
Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages
Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
General methods of preparation and reaction of compounds superscripted with (*) to be explained. To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and differences:
Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule.
Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedel crafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedel crafts acylation.
Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction .
Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine
Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
Fatty acids – reactions.
Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination.
Synthesis, reactions
Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives
Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only.
Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I
Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni
Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.
Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
Recrystallization Steam distillation
Acid value Saponification value Iodine value
Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/ Phenol /Aniline by acylation reaction.
2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/ Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction.
5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid / Nitro benzene by nitration reaction.
Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.
Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction. 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions.
Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.
Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction
p-Iodo benzoic acid from p-amino benzoic acid
Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan
Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and drop weight method
Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method
Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated char coal
Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants
Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer
Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent
Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single suspending agent
Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer
Determination of reaction rate constant first order.
Determination of reaction rate constant second order
Accelerated stability studies
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood.
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, ( Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration, Lung volumes and capacities, transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, resuscitation methods.
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition.
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance
Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, Newyork
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,Riverview,MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh , Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai , Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolka
Introduction to hemocytometry.
Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count
Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
Determination of bleeding time and clotting time
Determination of clotting time
Estimation of hemoglobin content
Determination of blood group.
Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
Recording of blood pressure.
Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity.
Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with the help of models, charts and specimens.
Recording of basal mass index.
Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test.
Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyzer.
Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.
Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance. Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve, isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total & viable count).
Study of different types of phase microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron microscopy.
Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s & Acid fast staining) and biochemical tests (IMViC).
Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of Physical, chemical and mechanical method of sterilization.
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods. Equipments employed in large scale sterilization.
Sterility indicators.
Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Virus.
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants
Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation. Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP.
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification.
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.
Assessment of a new antibiotic and testing of antimicrobial activity of a new substance. General aspects-environmental cleanliness.
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of formulations.
Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established and transformed cell cultures.
Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
W. B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford London.
Prescott and Dunn., Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
Peppler: Microbial Technology.
I.P., B.P., U.S.P. - latest editions.
Ananthnarayan: Text Book of Microbiology, Orient-Longman, Chennai
Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
N.K.Jain: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company
Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D. incubator, laminar flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer, refrigerator, microscopes used in experimental microbiology.
Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.
Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.
Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Demonstration).
Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Student Practical)
Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique.
Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method.
Motility determination by Hanging drop method.
Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
Bacteriological analysis of water
Biochemical test (IMViC reactions)
Revision Practical Class
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosphorylation
Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers
β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis
De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbillirubinemia and jaundice
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides and hyperuricemia and gout disease
Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions
DNA replication (semi conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins.
Concept of free energy, undergone and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy, Redox potential.
Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP
Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes
Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes
Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger.
Harper’s Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
Biochemistry by Stryer.
Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and U.Chakrapani.
Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.
Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose and starch)
Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)
Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)
Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents
Determination of blood creatinine
Determination of blood sugar
Determination of serum total cholesterol
Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH
Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
Determination of Salivary amylase activity
Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.
Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.
Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database.
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System.
Computer Application in Pharmacy – William E. Fassett –Lea and Febiger, 600 South Washington Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development –Sean Ekins – Wiley- Intescience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) – S. C. Rastogi-CBS Publishers and Distributiors 4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi – 110 002(INDIA)
Microsoft office Access - 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL Server, DAP and Infopath – Cary N. Prague – Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd., 4435/7, Ansari Road, Daryagani, New Delhi - 110002
Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a particular disease.
Create a HTML web page to show personal information.
Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools
Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard , generating label in MS WORD
Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using access
Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database
Generating report and printing the report from patient database
Creating invoice table using – MS Access
Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
Creating and working with queries in MS Access
Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages
Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages