<<<<<<< HEAD rgpv syllabus BE Non Grading System 4th Semester Microsoft Word - IV EC _SY_

B.E. 401 - ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III

Unit I


Functions of complex variables : Analytic functions, Harmonic Conjugate, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Line Integral, Cauchy’s Theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula, Singular Points, Poles & Residues, Residue Theorem , Application of Residues theorem for evaluation of real integrals

Unit II

Errors & Approximations, Solution of Algebraic & Trancedental Equations (Regula Falsi , Newton-Raphson, Iterative, Secant Method), Solution of simultaneous linear equatins by Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan, Crout’s methods , Jacobi’s and Gauss-Siedel Iterative methods

Unit III

Difference Operators, Interpolation ( Newton Forward & Backward Formulae, Central Interpolation Formulae, Lagrange’s and divided difference formulae ), Numerical Differentiation and Numerical Integration.

Unit IV

Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations(Taylor’s Series, Picard’s Method, Modified Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Method, Milne’s Predictor & Corrector method ), Correlation and Regression, Curve Fitting (Method of Least Square).

Unit V

Concept of Probability : Probability Mass function, Probability density function. Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution ,Gamma Distribution ,Beta Distribution ,Testing of Hypothesis |:Students t-test, Fisher’s z-test, Chi-Square Method

Reference:

  1. Numerical Methods using Matlab by J.H.Mathews and K.D.Fink, P.H.I.

  2. Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engg. Computation by MKJain, Iyengar and RK Jain, New Age International Publication

  3. Mathematical Methods by KV Suryanarayan Rao, SCITECH Publuication

  4. Numerical Methods using Matlab by Yang,Wiley India

  5. Pobability and Statistics by Ravichandran ,Wiley India

  6. Mathematical Statistics by George R., Springer

EC- 402 Electromagnetic Theory



RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering COURSE: EC-402 Electromagnetic Theory

Course Contents Unit I

Review of vector calculus: orthogonal coordinate systems, gradient, divergence and curl. Laplacian operator for scalar and vectors. Vector integral and differential identities and theorems. Phasor representation of harmonic variation of scalar and vectors

Static electric fields, Columb’s law, electric flux density and electric field intensity, permittivity, dielectric constant, field of distributed charges in free space, potential function, Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations, electric dipole, stored electric energy density. Boundary conditions at abrupt discontinuities between two media including conducting boundaries, surface charge distribution capacitance between two isolated conductors


Unit II

Solution of Laplace’s equations in systems of dielectric and conducting boundaries, uniqueness theorem, two dimensional boundary condition problems, solution by symmetry, conformal transformation of functions, image theory etc. fields in parallel wire, parallel plane and coaxial systems.

Static currents and magnetic fields- flow of charge in conductive media, lossy conductive medium, current density, specific conductivity, mobility, explanation of Ohm’s law employing mobility.

Magnetic effects of current flow, Biot-Savart’s law in vector form magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux, and permeability, closed loop currents, Ampere’s circuital law in integral and differential vector form, magnetic vector potential and related equations. Problems related to straight wire toroidal and cylindrical solenoids, inductance.

Boundary conditions on magnetic field, equivalent surface currents for abrupt discontinuity of magnetic field.


Unit III

Time varying fields – Faraday’s law in integral and differential forms, displacement current concept, Maxwell’s equations in differential and integral forms, wave equations in source free region electric and magnetic stored energy density, continuity equation, Poynting vector theorem.

Time harmonic fields, r.m.s. phasor representation of field vectors, Maxwell’s equations for TH field, average energy density, complex Poynting vector, duality concept.

Helmholtz wave equation, general solution in free space in various coordinates, plane polarized wave in free space, properties of plane waves, wave front, power flow, stored energy density.


Unit IV

Circular and elliptic polarization, resolution in terms of linear polarized waves and vice- versa. Plane waves in lossy medium, low loss dielectric, good conducting and ionized media, complex permittivity, loss tangent, skin depth, transmission line analogy, boundary conditions at perfect conductor surface, surface current density Interference of two plane waves traveling at oblique directions.

Unit V

Reflection and refraction of plane waves at dielectric media and conducting Surfaces, Brewster’s angle, total internal reflection, resultant fields and power flow in both media. Frequency dispersive propagation, phase velocity and group velocity. Magnetic vector potential for sources in free space, retarded potential, radiation principles, boundary condition at infinity


References:

  1. Mathew N.O Sadiku: Elements of Electromagnetic, Oxford University Press

  2. William H. Hayt: Engineering Electromagnetic, TMH.

  3. John D. Kraus: Electromagnetics, Mc. Graw Hill.

  4. Jordan Balmian: Electromagnetic wave and Radiating System, PHI.

  5. David K. Cheng: Electromagnetic Fields and Wave, Addison Wesley.

  6. Ramo, Whinnerry and VanDuzzer “ Fields and waves in communication electronics “, Wiley 1984

  7. Harrington RF, “Electromagnetic fields” Mc Graw Hill


EC - 403 Digital Electronics


Unit-I

Review of Number systems and Binary codes, Binary arithmetic – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division algorithms. Boolean algebra: theorems and functions, Simplification of Boolean functions, minimization techniques, Karnaugh's map method, Quine and McCluskey's method, realization of various binary functions using AND ,OR

,NOT,XOR logic gates.


Unit-II

Universal gates: NAND, NOR, realization of boolean function using universal gates. Half and full adder, half and full subtractor, Series and parallel adder, BCD adders, lookahead carry generator. Decoders, Encoders, multiplexers and de-multiplexers. Analysis

and design of combination circuits, realization of various Boolean functions using NAND, NOR gates and multiplexers.


Unit-III

Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and bistable multivibrators, 555 timer chip and its application in multivibrators. Flip-Flops: R-S, Clocked R-S, T, D, J-K, race around problem, Master-slave J-K., State and Excitation Tables Shift registers and counters . synchronous and asynchronous counters, Binary ripple counter, up-down counter, Johnson and ring counter. Analysis and Design of Sequential Circuits.


Unit-IV

Semiconductor memories: Organization and construction of RAM, SRAM, DRAM, RAMBUS ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, PAL and PLAs etc

Unit-V Logic families: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, IIL, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logic etc. Interfacing between TTL and MOS, vice-versa.


References:

  1. M. Mano : Digital Logic and Computer Design, Pearson Education

  2. W.H. Gothman : Digital Electronics, PHI.

  3. Millman and Taub : Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms, MGH

  4. Salivahanan and Ari Vahagan : Digital Circuits and Design, Vikas Publishing House

  5. Leach and Malvino : Digital Principles and Applications, TMH

  6. Rajkamal : Digital Systems – Priciples and Design, Pearson Education


List of Experiments (Expandable):

All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps.

Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper.

Step 2: The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using simulation Software (TINAPRO/ PSPICE/ LABVIEW/ CIRCUIT MAKER).

Step 3: The designed/drafted circuit should be tested on the bread board and compare the results with the simulated results.

Step 4: The bread board circuit should be fabricated on PCB by one batch using PCB machine.

  1. To test and study of operation of all logic Gates for various IC's.

  2. Implementation of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, X-OR and X-NOR Gates by NAND and NOR Universal gates.

  3. Binary Addition by Half Adder and Full Adder circuit.

  4. Binary Subtraction by Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor circuit.

  5. Design a BCD to excess-3 code converter.

  6. Verification of the Demorgan's Theorem.

  7. Study of RS, JK, T & D flip-flops.

  8. Multiplexer/Demultiplexer based boolean function realization.

  9. Study and Application of 555 timer (Astable, Monostable, Schmitt trigger, VCO).


    EC-404-New (Linear Integrated Circuits and its Applications)


    UNIT-I: Introduction to Operational Amplifiers and Characteristics

    Introduction, Block diagram, characteristics and equivalent circuits of an ideal op-amp, various types of Operational Amplifiers and their applications, Power supply configurations for OP- AMP applications, inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations.


    UNIT-II: The Practical op-amp Introduction, Input offset voltage, offset current, thermal drift, Effect of variation in power supply voltage, common-mode rejection ratio, Slew rate and its Effect, PSRR and gain –bandwidth product, frequency limitations and compensations, transient response, interpretation of TL082 datasheet.


    UNIT-III: Amplifiers and Oscillators Summing amplifier, Integrators and differentiators, Instrumentation amplifier, Differential input and differential output amplifier, Voltage-series feedback amplifier, Voltage-shunt feedback amplifier, Log/ Antilog amplifier, isolation amplifiers, Triangular/rectangular wave generator, phase-shift oscillators, Wein bridge oscillator, analog multiplier-MPY634, VCO.


    UNIT-IV: Active Filters

    Characteristics of filters, Classification of filters, Magnitude and frequency response, Butterworth 1st and 2nd order Low pass, High pass and band pass filters, Chebyshev filter characteristics, Band reject filters, notch filter, All pass filters, self-tuned filters .


    UNIT-V: Comparators and Converters:

    Comparator, Zero Crossing Detector, Monostable and Astable Multivibrator ,Schmitt Trigger, Voltage limiters, Clipper and clampers, Absolute value output circuit, Peak detector, Sample and hold Circuit, Precision rectifiers, Voltage-to-current converter, Current-to-voltage converter.


    UNIT-VI: Advanced applications

    Applications as Frequency Divider, PLL, AGC,AVC using op-AMP and analog multipliers, Amplitude modulation using analog multiplier, Frequency Shift Keying, simple OP-AMP Voltage regulator, Fixed and Adjustable Voltage Regulators, Dual Power supply, Basic Switching Regulator and characteristics of standard regulator ICs – TPS40200, TPS40210.


    List of Experiments

    Tools Required –Function Generator, TL082, MPY634/ASLK Pro, Power Supply, Oscilloscopes, Connecting wires.


    1. Study the characteristics of negative feedback amplifier

    2. Design of an instrumentation amplifier.

    3. Study the characteristics of regenerative feedback system with extension to design an astable multivibrator.

    4. Study the characteristics of integrator circuit.

    5. Design of Analog filters – I.

    6. Design of Analog filters – II.

    7. Design of a self-tuned Filter.

    8. Design of a function generator.

    9. Design of a Voltage Controlled Oscillator.

    10. Design of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL).

    11. Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Volume Control (AVC).

    12. Design of a low drop out regulator.

    13. DC-DC Converter.


TEXT Books:


  1. D. Roy Chowdhury, “ Linear Integrated Circuits”, New Age International (P) Ltd, 2nd Edition, 2003.

  2. K. Lal Kishore, “ Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits”, Pearson Education, 2007.

  3. L. k. Maheshwari, M M S Anand , Analog Electronics, PHI


  4. TL082:Data Sheet:http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/t1082.pdf Application Note:http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sloa020a/sloa020a.pdf

  5. MYP634: Data Sheet:http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/mpy634.pdf Application Note:http://www.ticom/lit/an/sbfa006/sbfa006.pdf

REFERENCES :


  1. Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, “Op-Amps & Linear ICS”, PHI, 4th edition, 1987.

  2. R.F. Coughlin & Fredrick Driscoll, “Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits” , 6th Edition, PHI

  3. David A. Bell, “Operational Amplifiers & Linear ICs”, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2010.

  4. Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers & Analog Integrated Circuits” Mcgraw Hill, 1988.

  5. C.G. Clayton , “Operational Amplifiers “ , Butterworth & Company Publ. Ltd./Elsevier, 1971.


EC - 405 Analog Communication


Unit-I

Different types of Signals (Continuous, Discrete, Periodic), Time Domain and Frequency Domain Representation, Introduction to basic Transform Techniques applicable to these Signals. Spectral Analysis: Fourier Technique, Fourier Transform and their Properties, Transform of Gate Signal, Impulse Function and Unit Step Function, Fourier Transform Technique for Periodic Signal, Transform of Train of Pulses and Impulses, Sine and Cosine wave.

Signal Energy and Power, Spectral Density of various types of signals, Spectra (Parseval’s Theorem), Density Spectra of Periodic Gate and Impulse train.

Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems, Impulse Response, Convolution, Convolution with Impulse Function, Casual and Non Causal System, Distortion less System, Impulse Response of Distortion less System, Ideal Filter and Practical Filter.


Unit-II

Modulation Techniques: Need and types of modulation techniques, Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Spectrum, Power Distribution, Modulation by Complex Signal, Low Level and High Level AM Modulators, Linear Integrated Circuit AM Modulators, Suppressed Carrier Generation (Balance/Chopper and Square Law Modulation), SSB Generator (Phase and Frequency Discrimination Method), VSB Transmission and Application. Detection of AM signals: Envelope Detector Circuit, RC Time Constant, Synchronous Detection Technique, Error in Synchronous Detection, SSB signal detection, PLL and its use in demodulation.


Unit-III

Angle Modulation: Frequency and Phase Modulation Frequency spectrum, bandwidth requirement, Frequency and Phase Deviation, Modulation Index, NBFM and WBFM, Multiple frequencies FM. FM Modulators: Direct (Parameter Variation Method) and Indirect (Armstrong) Method of frequency modulation. FM Detector: Slope Detector, Foster Seely Discriminator, Ratio Detector and PLL detectors.


Unit-IV

Radio Transmitters: AM transmitter, block diagram and working of Low Level and High Level Transmitters, Trapezoidal Pattern and Carrier Shift, SSB Transmitters, FM transmitters - Frequency Multiplication Applied to FM Signals, FM transmitters.

Radio Receivers: Block Diagram of Radio Receiver, Receiver Characteristics (Selectivity, Fidelity and Sensitivity), AM Receiver, RF Receiver, Super-heterodyne Receiver, RF Amplifier, Frequency Mixer, AVC and AFC, Image Signal, Intermediate Frequency Selection, Diversity Reception, FM Receiver.


Unit-V Noise :

Sources and types of noise and their power density, White Noise, Noise from

Single and Multiple noise source for Linear Systems, Super Position of Power Spectrum, Equivalent Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure, and Equivalent Noise Temperature, their Relationship, Calculation of Noise Figure and Noise Temperature for Cascade Systems, Noise Performance of Communication System, Band Pass Noise Representation in

Terms of Low Pass, In-phase and Quadrature Phase Component and their Power Spectral Density, Figure of Merit, Calculation for AM, AM-SC and SSB System, Noise in Angle Modulated System, Figure of Merit for FM, Noise Density of Output of FM Detector, Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis, Phasor Representation of Noise, Capture Effect, Comparison of Noise Performance of AM and FM.


References:


  1. B.P. Lathi : Modern Analog and Digital Communication System, Wiley Eastern limited

  2. Taub and Schilling : Principles of communication Systems, TMH

  3. Singh and Sapre : Communication Systems, TMH

  4. S Haykin : Communication Systems, John Wiley and Sons Inc

  5. S Ghose: Signals and Systems, Pearson Education.

  6. A Bruce Carlson : Communication System, TMH

  7. Steven : Communication Systems – Analysis and Design, Pearson Education


List of Experiments (Expandable):


All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps.


Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper.

Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using simulation Software (TINAPRO/ PSPICE/ LABVIEW/ CIRCUIT MAKER).

Step 3: The designed/drafted circuit should be tested on the bread board and compare the results with the simulated results.

Step 4: The bread board circuit should be fabricated on PCB by one batch using PCB machine.


  1. Analysis of AM Modulation and Demodulation Techniques (Transmitter and Receiver), Calculation of Parameters

  2. Analysis of FM Modulation and Demodulation (Transmitter and Receiver) and Calculation of Parameters

  3. To Construct and Verify Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis and Plot the Waveforms.

  4. Study of Super-heterodyne Receiver and Characteristics of Radio Receiver.

  5. To Construct Frequency Multiplier Circuit and to Observe the Waveform

  6. Study of AVC and AFC.

  7. Study of PLL chip (566) and its use in various systems


EC – 406 Software Lab-II


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering COURSE: EC-406 Software Lab-II


Course Contents ADVANCED SIMULATION/ VERIFICATION SOFTWARE

Study of simulation/ verification software (any one- LAB-VIEW/KTECHLAB/ GNU CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PACKAGE/ LOGISIM/ MULTISIM/ SCILAB etc).


Overview and Study of the key features and applications of the software.

Application of the software in the field of Electronic Circuits, Digital Electronics and Analog Communication.

Design, Optimization, simulation and verification of

  1. Electronic circuits (example amplifiers, oscillators etc).

  2. Realization and verification of various digital electronic circuits (example logic gates, adders, subtractors etc)

  3. Realization of various signals and communication link etc.


Students should simulate and verify atleast six circuits they are learning in the current semester.

======= rgpv syllabus BE Non Grading System 4th Semester Microsoft Word - IV EC _SY_

B.E. 401 - ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III

Unit I


Functions of complex variables : Analytic functions, Harmonic Conjugate, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Line Integral, Cauchy’s Theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula, Singular Points, Poles & Residues, Residue Theorem , Application of Residues theorem for evaluation of real integrals

Unit II

Errors & Approximations, Solution of Algebraic & Trancedental Equations (Regula Falsi , Newton-Raphson, Iterative, Secant Method), Solution of simultaneous linear equatins by Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan, Crout’s methods , Jacobi’s and Gauss-Siedel Iterative methods

Unit III

Difference Operators, Interpolation ( Newton Forward & Backward Formulae, Central Interpolation Formulae, Lagrange’s and divided difference formulae ), Numerical Differentiation and Numerical Integration.

Unit IV

Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations(Taylor’s Series, Picard’s Method, Modified Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Method, Milne’s Predictor & Corrector method ), Correlation and Regression, Curve Fitting (Method of Least Square).

Unit V

Concept of Probability : Probability Mass function, Probability density function. Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution ,Gamma Distribution ,Beta Distribution ,Testing of Hypothesis |:Students t-test, Fisher’s z-test, Chi-Square Method

Reference:

  1. Numerical Methods using Matlab by J.H.Mathews and K.D.Fink, P.H.I.

  2. Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engg. Computation by MKJain, Iyengar and RK Jain, New Age International Publication

  3. Mathematical Methods by KV Suryanarayan Rao, SCITECH Publuication

  4. Numerical Methods using Matlab by Yang,Wiley India

  5. Pobability and Statistics by Ravichandran ,Wiley India

  6. Mathematical Statistics by George R., Springer

EC- 402 Electromagnetic Theory



RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering COURSE: EC-402 Electromagnetic Theory

Course Contents Unit I

Review of vector calculus: orthogonal coordinate systems, gradient, divergence and curl. Laplacian operator for scalar and vectors. Vector integral and differential identities and theorems. Phasor representation of harmonic variation of scalar and vectors

Static electric fields, Columb’s law, electric flux density and electric field intensity, permittivity, dielectric constant, field of distributed charges in free space, potential function, Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations, electric dipole, stored electric energy density. Boundary conditions at abrupt discontinuities between two media including conducting boundaries, surface charge distribution capacitance between two isolated conductors


Unit II

Solution of Laplace’s equations in systems of dielectric and conducting boundaries, uniqueness theorem, two dimensional boundary condition problems, solution by symmetry, conformal transformation of functions, image theory etc. fields in parallel wire, parallel plane and coaxial systems.

Static currents and magnetic fields- flow of charge in conductive media, lossy conductive medium, current density, specific conductivity, mobility, explanation of Ohm’s law employing mobility.

Magnetic effects of current flow, Biot-Savart’s law in vector form magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux, and permeability, closed loop currents, Ampere’s circuital law in integral and differential vector form, magnetic vector potential and related equations. Problems related to straight wire toroidal and cylindrical solenoids, inductance.

Boundary conditions on magnetic field, equivalent surface currents for abrupt discontinuity of magnetic field.


Unit III

Time varying fields – Faraday’s law in integral and differential forms, displacement current concept, Maxwell’s equations in differential and integral forms, wave equations in source free region electric and magnetic stored energy density, continuity equation, Poynting vector theorem.

Time harmonic fields, r.m.s. phasor representation of field vectors, Maxwell’s equations for TH field, average energy density, complex Poynting vector, duality concept.

Helmholtz wave equation, general solution in free space in various coordinates, plane polarized wave in free space, properties of plane waves, wave front, power flow, stored energy density.


Unit IV

Circular and elliptic polarization, resolution in terms of linear polarized waves and vice- versa. Plane waves in lossy medium, low loss dielectric, good conducting and ionized media, complex permittivity, loss tangent, skin depth, transmission line analogy, boundary conditions at perfect conductor surface, surface current density Interference of two plane waves traveling at oblique directions.

Unit V

Reflection and refraction of plane waves at dielectric media and conducting Surfaces, Brewster’s angle, total internal reflection, resultant fields and power flow in both media. Frequency dispersive propagation, phase velocity and group velocity. Magnetic vector potential for sources in free space, retarded potential, radiation principles, boundary condition at infinity


References:

  1. Mathew N.O Sadiku: Elements of Electromagnetic, Oxford University Press

  2. William H. Hayt: Engineering Electromagnetic, TMH.

  3. John D. Kraus: Electromagnetics, Mc. Graw Hill.

  4. Jordan Balmian: Electromagnetic wave and Radiating System, PHI.

  5. David K. Cheng: Electromagnetic Fields and Wave, Addison Wesley.

  6. Ramo, Whinnerry and VanDuzzer “ Fields and waves in communication electronics “, Wiley 1984

  7. Harrington RF, “Electromagnetic fields” Mc Graw Hill


EC - 403 Digital Electronics


Unit-I

Review of Number systems and Binary codes, Binary arithmetic – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division algorithms. Boolean algebra: theorems and functions, Simplification of Boolean functions, minimization techniques, Karnaugh's map method, Quine and McCluskey's method, realization of various binary functions using AND ,OR

,NOT,XOR logic gates.


Unit-II

Universal gates: NAND, NOR, realization of boolean function using universal gates. Half and full adder, half and full subtractor, Series and parallel adder, BCD adders, lookahead carry generator. Decoders, Encoders, multiplexers and de-multiplexers. Analysis

and design of combination circuits, realization of various Boolean functions using NAND, NOR gates and multiplexers.


Unit-III

Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and bistable multivibrators, 555 timer chip and its application in multivibrators. Flip-Flops: R-S, Clocked R-S, T, D, J-K, race around problem, Master-slave J-K., State and Excitation Tables Shift registers and counters . synchronous and asynchronous counters, Binary ripple counter, up-down counter, Johnson and ring counter. Analysis and Design of Sequential Circuits.


Unit-IV

Semiconductor memories: Organization and construction of RAM, SRAM, DRAM, RAMBUS ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, PAL and PLAs etc

Unit-V Logic families: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, IIL, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logic etc. Interfacing between TTL and MOS, vice-versa.


References:

  1. M. Mano : Digital Logic and Computer Design, Pearson Education

  2. W.H. Gothman : Digital Electronics, PHI.

  3. Millman and Taub : Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms, MGH

  4. Salivahanan and Ari Vahagan : Digital Circuits and Design, Vikas Publishing House

  5. Leach and Malvino : Digital Principles and Applications, TMH

  6. Rajkamal : Digital Systems – Priciples and Design, Pearson Education


List of Experiments (Expandable):

All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps.

Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper.

Step 2: The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using simulation Software (TINAPRO/ PSPICE/ LABVIEW/ CIRCUIT MAKER).

Step 3: The designed/drafted circuit should be tested on the bread board and compare the results with the simulated results.

Step 4: The bread board circuit should be fabricated on PCB by one batch using PCB machine.

  1. To test and study of operation of all logic Gates for various IC's.

  2. Implementation of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, X-OR and X-NOR Gates by NAND and NOR Universal gates.

  3. Binary Addition by Half Adder and Full Adder circuit.

  4. Binary Subtraction by Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor circuit.

  5. Design a BCD to excess-3 code converter.

  6. Verification of the Demorgan's Theorem.

  7. Study of RS, JK, T & D flip-flops.

  8. Multiplexer/Demultiplexer based boolean function realization.

  9. Study and Application of 555 timer (Astable, Monostable, Schmitt trigger, VCO).


    EC-404-New (Linear Integrated Circuits and its Applications)


    UNIT-I: Introduction to Operational Amplifiers and Characteristics

    Introduction, Block diagram, characteristics and equivalent circuits of an ideal op-amp, various types of Operational Amplifiers and their applications, Power supply configurations for OP- AMP applications, inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations.


    UNIT-II: The Practical op-amp Introduction, Input offset voltage, offset current, thermal drift, Effect of variation in power supply voltage, common-mode rejection ratio, Slew rate and its Effect, PSRR and gain –bandwidth product, frequency limitations and compensations, transient response, interpretation of TL082 datasheet.


    UNIT-III: Amplifiers and Oscillators Summing amplifier, Integrators and differentiators, Instrumentation amplifier, Differential input and differential output amplifier, Voltage-series feedback amplifier, Voltage-shunt feedback amplifier, Log/ Antilog amplifier, isolation amplifiers, Triangular/rectangular wave generator, phase-shift oscillators, Wein bridge oscillator, analog multiplier-MPY634, VCO.


    UNIT-IV: Active Filters

    Characteristics of filters, Classification of filters, Magnitude and frequency response, Butterworth 1st and 2nd order Low pass, High pass and band pass filters, Chebyshev filter characteristics, Band reject filters, notch filter, All pass filters, self-tuned filters .


    UNIT-V: Comparators and Converters:

    Comparator, Zero Crossing Detector, Monostable and Astable Multivibrator ,Schmitt Trigger, Voltage limiters, Clipper and clampers, Absolute value output circuit, Peak detector, Sample and hold Circuit, Precision rectifiers, Voltage-to-current converter, Current-to-voltage converter.


    UNIT-VI: Advanced applications

    Applications as Frequency Divider, PLL, AGC,AVC using op-AMP and analog multipliers, Amplitude modulation using analog multiplier, Frequency Shift Keying, simple OP-AMP Voltage regulator, Fixed and Adjustable Voltage Regulators, Dual Power supply, Basic Switching Regulator and characteristics of standard regulator ICs – TPS40200, TPS40210.


    List of Experiments

    Tools Required –Function Generator, TL082, MPY634/ASLK Pro, Power Supply, Oscilloscopes, Connecting wires.


    1. Study the characteristics of negative feedback amplifier

    2. Design of an instrumentation amplifier.

    3. Study the characteristics of regenerative feedback system with extension to design an astable multivibrator.

    4. Study the characteristics of integrator circuit.

    5. Design of Analog filters – I.

    6. Design of Analog filters – II.

    7. Design of a self-tuned Filter.

    8. Design of a function generator.

    9. Design of a Voltage Controlled Oscillator.

    10. Design of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL).

    11. Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Volume Control (AVC).

    12. Design of a low drop out regulator.

    13. DC-DC Converter.


TEXT Books:


  1. D. Roy Chowdhury, “ Linear Integrated Circuits”, New Age International (P) Ltd, 2nd Edition, 2003.

  2. K. Lal Kishore, “ Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits”, Pearson Education, 2007.

  3. L. k. Maheshwari, M M S Anand , Analog Electronics, PHI


  4. TL082:Data Sheet:http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/t1082.pdf Application Note:http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sloa020a/sloa020a.pdf

  5. MYP634: Data Sheet:http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/mpy634.pdf Application Note:http://www.ticom/lit/an/sbfa006/sbfa006.pdf

REFERENCES :


  1. Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, “Op-Amps & Linear ICS”, PHI, 4th edition, 1987.

  2. R.F. Coughlin & Fredrick Driscoll, “Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits” , 6th Edition, PHI

  3. David A. Bell, “Operational Amplifiers & Linear ICs”, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2010.

  4. Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers & Analog Integrated Circuits” Mcgraw Hill, 1988.

  5. C.G. Clayton , “Operational Amplifiers “ , Butterworth & Company Publ. Ltd./Elsevier, 1971.


EC - 405 Analog Communication


Unit-I

Different types of Signals (Continuous, Discrete, Periodic), Time Domain and Frequency Domain Representation, Introduction to basic Transform Techniques applicable to these Signals. Spectral Analysis: Fourier Technique, Fourier Transform and their Properties, Transform of Gate Signal, Impulse Function and Unit Step Function, Fourier Transform Technique for Periodic Signal, Transform of Train of Pulses and Impulses, Sine and Cosine wave.

Signal Energy and Power, Spectral Density of various types of signals, Spectra (Parseval’s Theorem), Density Spectra of Periodic Gate and Impulse train.

Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems, Impulse Response, Convolution, Convolution with Impulse Function, Casual and Non Causal System, Distortion less System, Impulse Response of Distortion less System, Ideal Filter and Practical Filter.


Unit-II

Modulation Techniques: Need and types of modulation techniques, Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Spectrum, Power Distribution, Modulation by Complex Signal, Low Level and High Level AM Modulators, Linear Integrated Circuit AM Modulators, Suppressed Carrier Generation (Balance/Chopper and Square Law Modulation), SSB Generator (Phase and Frequency Discrimination Method), VSB Transmission and Application. Detection of AM signals: Envelope Detector Circuit, RC Time Constant, Synchronous Detection Technique, Error in Synchronous Detection, SSB signal detection, PLL and its use in demodulation.


Unit-III

Angle Modulation: Frequency and Phase Modulation Frequency spectrum, bandwidth requirement, Frequency and Phase Deviation, Modulation Index, NBFM and WBFM, Multiple frequencies FM. FM Modulators: Direct (Parameter Variation Method) and Indirect (Armstrong) Method of frequency modulation. FM Detector: Slope Detector, Foster Seely Discriminator, Ratio Detector and PLL detectors.


Unit-IV

Radio Transmitters: AM transmitter, block diagram and working of Low Level and High Level Transmitters, Trapezoidal Pattern and Carrier Shift, SSB Transmitters, FM transmitters - Frequency Multiplication Applied to FM Signals, FM transmitters.

Radio Receivers: Block Diagram of Radio Receiver, Receiver Characteristics (Selectivity, Fidelity and Sensitivity), AM Receiver, RF Receiver, Super-heterodyne Receiver, RF Amplifier, Frequency Mixer, AVC and AFC, Image Signal, Intermediate Frequency Selection, Diversity Reception, FM Receiver.


Unit-V Noise :

Sources and types of noise and their power density, White Noise, Noise from

Single and Multiple noise source for Linear Systems, Super Position of Power Spectrum, Equivalent Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure, and Equivalent Noise Temperature, their Relationship, Calculation of Noise Figure and Noise Temperature for Cascade Systems, Noise Performance of Communication System, Band Pass Noise Representation in

Terms of Low Pass, In-phase and Quadrature Phase Component and their Power Spectral Density, Figure of Merit, Calculation for AM, AM-SC and SSB System, Noise in Angle Modulated System, Figure of Merit for FM, Noise Density of Output of FM Detector, Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis, Phasor Representation of Noise, Capture Effect, Comparison of Noise Performance of AM and FM.


References:


  1. B.P. Lathi : Modern Analog and Digital Communication System, Wiley Eastern limited

  2. Taub and Schilling : Principles of communication Systems, TMH

  3. Singh and Sapre : Communication Systems, TMH

  4. S Haykin : Communication Systems, John Wiley and Sons Inc

  5. S Ghose: Signals and Systems, Pearson Education.

  6. A Bruce Carlson : Communication System, TMH

  7. Steven : Communication Systems – Analysis and Design, Pearson Education


List of Experiments (Expandable):


All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps.


Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper.

Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using simulation Software (TINAPRO/ PSPICE/ LABVIEW/ CIRCUIT MAKER).

Step 3: The designed/drafted circuit should be tested on the bread board and compare the results with the simulated results.

Step 4: The bread board circuit should be fabricated on PCB by one batch using PCB machine.


  1. Analysis of AM Modulation and Demodulation Techniques (Transmitter and Receiver), Calculation of Parameters

  2. Analysis of FM Modulation and Demodulation (Transmitter and Receiver) and Calculation of Parameters

  3. To Construct and Verify Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis and Plot the Waveforms.

  4. Study of Super-heterodyne Receiver and Characteristics of Radio Receiver.

  5. To Construct Frequency Multiplier Circuit and to Observe the Waveform

  6. Study of AVC and AFC.

  7. Study of PLL chip (566) and its use in various systems


EC – 406 Software Lab-II


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering COURSE: EC-406 Software Lab-II


Course Contents ADVANCED SIMULATION/ VERIFICATION SOFTWARE

Study of simulation/ verification software (any one- LAB-VIEW/KTECHLAB/ GNU CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PACKAGE/ LOGISIM/ MULTISIM/ SCILAB etc).


Overview and Study of the key features and applications of the software.

Application of the software in the field of Electronic Circuits, Digital Electronics and Analog Communication.

Design, Optimization, simulation and verification of

  1. Electronic circuits (example amplifiers, oscillators etc).

  2. Realization and verification of various digital electronic circuits (example logic gates, adders, subtractors etc)

  3. Realization of various signals and communication link etc.


Students should simulate and verify atleast six circuits they are learning in the current semester.

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