Credit Based Grading System
Air Pollution: Air pollutants, classification, (Primary & secondary Pollutants) Adverse effects of pollutants. Causes of Air pollution chemical, photochemical, Green house effect, ozone layer depletion, acid Rain.
Sound Pollution: Causes, controlling measures, measurement of sound pollution (deciblage), Industrial and non – industrial.
Harris, CE, Prichard MS, Rabin’s MJ, “Engineering Ethics”; Cengage Pub.
Rana SVS ; “Essentials of Ecology and Environment”; PHI Pub. 3.Raynold, GW “Ethics in information Technology”; Cengage.
Svakumar; Energy Environment & Ethics in society; TMH
AK De “Environmental Chemistry”; New Age Int. Publ.
6 BK Sharma, “Environmental Chemistry” ; Goel Publ. House.
Bala Krishnamoorthy; “Environmental management”; PHI
Gerard Kiely, “Environmental Engineering” ; TMH
Miller GT JR; living in the Environment Thomson/cengage
Cunninghan WP and MA; principles of Environment Sc; TMH
Pandey, S.N. & Mishra, S.P. Environment & Ecology, 2011, Ane Books , Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Joseph, B. Environmental Studies, 2009 Tata Mcgraw Hill, Edu India Ltd. New Delhi.
Gour R.R, Sangal, R &Bagaria, G.P. , Excel Books, A-45, Naraina Phase-I New Delhi.-110028
Credit Based Grading System Agriculture Technology, IV-Semester AT-4002 Farm Machinery-I
Objectives of farm mechanization. Classification of farm machines. Materials of construction & heat treatment. Principles of operation and selection of machines used for production of crops. Field capacities & economics.
Tillage; primary and secondary tillage equipment. Forces acting on tillage tools and their designs. Hitching systems and controls. Draft measurement of tillage equipment
Earth moving equipment - their construction & working principles viz., Bulldozer, Trencher, Elevators etc.;
Sowing, planting & transplanting equipment - their calibration and adjustments. Fertilizer application equipment including farm yard manure applicator.
Weed control, Inter-culture and Plant protection equipment – weeders (manual, animal and power operated weeders) earthing and inteculture equipment), sprayers and dusters, their calibration, selection, constructional features of different components and adjustments.
Principles & types of cutting mechanisms. Construction & adjustments of shear & impact‐type cutting mechanisms. Crop harvesting machinery: mowers, windrowers, reapers, reaper binders, combine harvesters and forage harvesters. Forage chopping & handling equipment. Specialized harvesting equipment such as Maize harvesting & shelling equipment, Root crop harvesting equipment‐potato, groundnut etc., Cotton picking & Sugarcane harvesting equipment.
Threshing, threshing principles and different types of threshers. Straw handling equipment such as Straw combines, residue mulcher,etc
.Practicals:
Introduction to various farm machines, visit to implements shed and research hall;
Field capacity and field efficiency measurement for at least two machines/implements;
Calibration of seed drills
Draft& fuel consumption measurement for different implements
Study of sprayers, dusters, measurement of nozzle discharge, field capacity etc.
Visit to Agricultural implements manufacturing industry to identify the different types of implements and their use.
Kepner R.A., Bainer R & Berger EL., 1978, Principles of Farm machinery, AVI Publ. Co.
Michael A M and Ojha, T.P. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Jain Brothers 873, East Park Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
C P Nakra, Farm Machines and Equipments, DhanpatRai Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., 4787/23, Ansari Road, Dariyaganj, New Delhi.
Jain S C, Philip Grace, Farm Machinery – An approach. Standard Publishers and Distributors, 1705-B, NaiSarak, Post Box No.1066, New Delhi-110006.
RadheyLal and A.C.Dutta, Agricultural Engineering (Through Worked out examples), SarojPrakakshan, 646 Katra, Allahabad-2.
Sahay J. Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Irshad Ali, Kitab Mahal, Sarojini Naidu Marg, Allahabad.
Srivastav AC. 2001. Elements of Farm Machinery. Oxford & IBH 9. Bhattacharya T
K. A Work Book of Practical Farm Machinery (Vol.I& II) Saroj Prakashan, Allahabad-211002.
Credit Based Grading System
Concept of Mono-cropping, Double cropping, Multiple cropping, Sequential cropping, Intercropping, Mixed cropping, Alley cropping, Relay cropping, Cropping intensity, Land equivalent ratio.
Environmental Issues and their Impact on Agriculture: Global climate change, emission of green house gases from Indian agriculture, different indices for environmental monitoring such as- Air quality index (AQI), Biocide residue index (BRI), Ecological footprint, Environmental sustainability index (ESI), Environmental performance index (EPI), Environmental vulnerability index (EVI), Global warming potential (GWP), P index, T value ( Soil loss tolerance), Soil quality indicator (SQI), Soil sustainability index (SSI), Soil threat index (STI), Sustainable yield index (SYI), Water quality index (WQI) etc.
Concept of organic farming, its objectives and promotion, certification and inspection regime, niche areas and crops for organic farming, myth and concerns.
Agronomic package of practices for cultivation of major pulses oil seed and fodder crops, highlighting Scientific name, family, origin, climatic requirement, sowing time, land preparation, seed rate, sowing methods, Important varieties, fertilizer requirement, water requirement, inter-culture operations, plant protection measures, harvesting etc.
Identification of major pulse, oil seed and fodder crops and their phenotypic differences
Identification of major weeds of these crops,
Composting techniques,
Measurement protocols of green house gases,
Visits to farms engaged in organic farming
Annonymus: Latest edition of Handbook of Agriculture published by Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, ICAR New Delhi.
Principles of Plant Nutrition by Konrad Mengel and Ernest A. Kirkby.
Textbook of Field Crop Production by Rajendra Prasad.
Introduction to Agronomy & Principles of Crop Production by S.R.Reddy.
Principles of Agronomy by T.Y.Reddy and G.H.S.Reddy
Credit Based Grading System Agriculture Technology, IV-Semester AT-4004 Soil Technology –II
Soil as a source of plant nutrients; Essential and beneficial elements, criteria of essentiality, forms of nutrients in soil; Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants; Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities
Problem soils-acid, salt affected and calcareous soils, characteristics, nutrient availabilities; Reclamation-mechanical, chemical and biological methods.
Movement of soil water - Saturated and unsaturated flow of water, Poiseuille’s law, Darcy’s law; Hydraulic conductivity, permeability and fluidity, hydraulic diffusivity; Infiltration, Percolation, Permeability, Drainage; Solute transport, movement of chemicals in soil-root continuum; Quality of irrigation water and its appraisal.
Soil fertility-Different approaches for soil fertility evaluation; Methods, soil testing-Chemical methods, critical levels of different nutrients in soil; Soil test based fertilizer recommendation to crops; Factors influencing nutrient use efficiency ( NUE) in respect of N,P,K,S, Fe and Zn fertilizer; Source, method and scheduling of nutrients for different soils and crops grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Principles of analytical Instruments and their calibration and applications,
Colorimetry and flame photometry;
Estimation of cation exchange capacity;
Estimation of available N, P, K, S and Zn in soils;
Preparation of interpretative reports of soil analysis and fertilizer recommendation;
Lime requirement and gypsum requirement of problem soils;
Evaluation of liquid and plastic limits;
Soil compaction test;
Evaluation of water retention characteristics of soil;
Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil;
Measurement of infiltration rate.
Soils and soil fertility – C.M. Thomson and F.R. Troeh
Soil fertility and fertilizers – S.L.Tisdale, W.L.Nelson, J.D. Beaton and J.L. Havlin
Soil Chemistry – Kim H. Tan.
Credit Based Grading System Agriculture Technology, IV-Semester AT-4005 Hydrology
Introduction; Hydrologic cycle; Precipitation‐forms, Weather systems for precipitation, Characteristics of precipitation in India; Rainfall measurement, rain gauge network, optimum number; Representation of rainfall data‐Mass curve, hyetograph, Moving average curve etc; Mean precipitation over an area‐Different methods.
Frequency analysis of point rainfall, Calculation of rainfall return period and probability, plotting position; Estimation of missing data, test for consistency of rainfall records; Double mass curve technique; Abstractions from precipitation‐ interception; Depression storage; infiltration; evaporation; evapo‐transpiration ‐ estimation and measurement; Reservoir evaporation‐methods of reduction, Infiltration indices.
Geomorphology of watersheds ‐ stream number, stream length, stream area, stream slope and Horton’s laws; Runoff ‐ factors affecting, measurement; Runoff characteristics of streams, estimation of peak runoff rate and volume; Rational method, Cook’s method, SCS Curve number method.
Stream flow‐ measurement of stage and velocity, rating curve, extension of rating curve; Hydrograph; components, Factors affecting the shape of hydrograph, base flow separation, unit hydrograph theory – Assumptions, applications, derivation of unit hydrographs, unit hydrograph of different durations, dimensionless unit hydrograph, distribution hydrograph, synthetic unit hydrograph, uses and limitations of unit hydrograph.
Floods‐Terms and definitions, Head water flood control ‐ methods, retards and their location; flood routing – graphical methods of reservoir flood routing; Channel routing‐Muskinghum method; Hydrology of dry land areas ‐ drought and its classification; introduction to watershed management and planning.
Visit to meteorological observatory to study different types of rain gauges;
Exercise on analysis of rainfall data;
Exercise on Double mass curve technique;
Determination of average depth of rainfall and frequency analysis;
Study of stage recorders and current meters;
Exercise on estimation of peak runoff rate and runoff volume;
Exercises on hydrograph and unit hydrograph;
Exercises on flood routing problems.
Chow, V.T. (1964). Hand Book of Applied Hydrology. Mc Graw Hill, New York.
Linsley, R.K., Kohler, M.A., and Paulhus, J.L.H. (1984). Hydrology for Engineers. Mc Graw Hill Pub.Co. Japan.
McCuen, R. H. (1989). Hydrologic Analysis and Design. Printice Hall.
Mutreja, K.N. (1990). Applied Hydrology. Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co., New York.
Raghunath, H.M. (2006). Hydrology‐Principles, Analysis and design. New age International (P) Ltd.
Singh, V. P. (1992). Elementary Hydrology. Prentice Hall India.
Subrahmanya, K. (1987). Engineering Hydrology. TataMcGrawHillPub.Co. New Delhi.
Credit Based Grading System
C language alphabet set, identifiers, Variables and constants Data types, Builtin and user Defined Data types Arrays operators and expressions Simple assignment and Input-output statements, preprocessor directives writing simple ‘C’ programs, compiling and executing ‘C’ Programs.
Conditional statements and loops: IF statement IF–ELSE statement, SWITCH statement, FOR statement, WHILE and Do WHILE statement.
Function: Function declaration or prototype. Function definition, function calling: call by value, call by reference, Recursion.
Introduction to pointers, File processing: concept of files, file opening, editing, reading and writing.
Programming in ANSI C, by Balagurusamy, Tata McGraw Hill
The C programming Language. By Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie. Published by Prentice-Hall
Let us C by Y.Kanetkar, BPB Publication
Design and execute a ‘C’ program for multiplying two nXn matrics.
Design a ‘C’ program to calculate Average of ‘n’ numbers.
Design a ‘C’ program to add two numbers using call by value parameter passing mechanism.
Design a ‘C’ program to swap the contents of two variables using call by reference parameter passing mechanism.
Design a ‘C’ program to open a file and add contents to modify the file.
Credit Based Grading System
Air Pollution: Air pollutants, classification, (Primary & secondary Pollutants) Adverse effects of pollutants. Causes of Air pollution chemical, photochemical, Green house effect, ozone layer depletion, acid Rain.
Sound Pollution: Causes, controlling measures, measurement of sound pollution (deciblage), Industrial and non – industrial.
Harris, CE, Prichard MS, Rabin’s MJ, “Engineering Ethics”; Cengage Pub.
Rana SVS ; “Essentials of Ecology and Environment”; PHI Pub. 3.Raynold, GW “Ethics in information Technology”; Cengage.
Svakumar; Energy Environment & Ethics in society; TMH
AK De “Environmental Chemistry”; New Age Int. Publ.
6 BK Sharma, “Environmental Chemistry” ; Goel Publ. House.
Bala Krishnamoorthy; “Environmental management”; PHI
Gerard Kiely, “Environmental Engineering” ; TMH
Miller GT JR; living in the Environment Thomson/cengage
Cunninghan WP and MA; principles of Environment Sc; TMH
Pandey, S.N. & Mishra, S.P. Environment & Ecology, 2011, Ane Books , Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Joseph, B. Environmental Studies, 2009 Tata Mcgraw Hill, Edu India Ltd. New Delhi.
Gour R.R, Sangal, R &Bagaria, G.P. , Excel Books, A-45, Naraina Phase-I New Delhi.-110028
Credit Based Grading System Agriculture Technology, IV-Semester AT-4002 Farm Machinery-I
Objectives of farm mechanization. Classification of farm machines. Materials of construction & heat treatment. Principles of operation and selection of machines used for production of crops. Field capacities & economics.
Tillage; primary and secondary tillage equipment. Forces acting on tillage tools and their designs. Hitching systems and controls. Draft measurement of tillage equipment
Earth moving equipment - their construction & working principles viz., Bulldozer, Trencher, Elevators etc.;
Sowing, planting & transplanting equipment - their calibration and adjustments. Fertilizer application equipment including farm yard manure applicator.
Weed control, Inter-culture and Plant protection equipment – weeders (manual, animal and power operated weeders) earthing and inteculture equipment), sprayers and dusters, their calibration, selection, constructional features of different components and adjustments.
Principles & types of cutting mechanisms. Construction & adjustments of shear & impact‐type cutting mechanisms. Crop harvesting machinery: mowers, windrowers, reapers, reaper binders, combine harvesters and forage harvesters. Forage chopping & handling equipment. Specialized harvesting equipment such as Maize harvesting & shelling equipment, Root crop harvesting equipment‐potato, groundnut etc., Cotton picking & Sugarcane harvesting equipment.
Threshing, threshing principles and different types of threshers. Straw handling equipment such as Straw combines, residue mulcher,etc
.Practicals:
Introduction to various farm machines, visit to implements shed and research hall;
Field capacity and field efficiency measurement for at least two machines/implements;
Calibration of seed drills
Draft& fuel consumption measurement for different implements
Study of sprayers, dusters, measurement of nozzle discharge, field capacity etc.
Visit to Agricultural implements manufacturing industry to identify the different types of implements and their use.
Kepner R.A., Bainer R & Berger EL., 1978, Principles of Farm machinery, AVI Publ. Co.
Michael A M and Ojha, T.P. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Jain Brothers 873, East Park Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
C P Nakra, Farm Machines and Equipments, DhanpatRai Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., 4787/23, Ansari Road, Dariyaganj, New Delhi.
Jain S C, Philip Grace, Farm Machinery – An approach. Standard Publishers and Distributors, 1705-B, NaiSarak, Post Box No.1066, New Delhi-110006.
RadheyLal and A.C.Dutta, Agricultural Engineering (Through Worked out examples), SarojPrakakshan, 646 Katra, Allahabad-2.
Sahay J. Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Irshad Ali, Kitab Mahal, Sarojini Naidu Marg, Allahabad.
Srivastav AC. 2001. Elements of Farm Machinery. Oxford & IBH 9. Bhattacharya T
K. A Work Book of Practical Farm Machinery (Vol.I& II) Saroj Prakashan, Allahabad-211002.
Credit Based Grading System
Concept of Mono-cropping, Double cropping, Multiple cropping, Sequential cropping, Intercropping, Mixed cropping, Alley cropping, Relay cropping, Cropping intensity, Land equivalent ratio.
Environmental Issues and their Impact on Agriculture: Global climate change, emission of green house gases from Indian agriculture, different indices for environmental monitoring such as- Air quality index (AQI), Biocide residue index (BRI), Ecological footprint, Environmental sustainability index (ESI), Environmental performance index (EPI), Environmental vulnerability index (EVI), Global warming potential (GWP), P index, T value ( Soil loss tolerance), Soil quality indicator (SQI), Soil sustainability index (SSI), Soil threat index (STI), Sustainable yield index (SYI), Water quality index (WQI) etc.
Concept of organic farming, its objectives and promotion, certification and inspection regime, niche areas and crops for organic farming, myth and concerns.
Agronomic package of practices for cultivation of major pulses oil seed and fodder crops, highlighting Scientific name, family, origin, climatic requirement, sowing time, land preparation, seed rate, sowing methods, Important varieties, fertilizer requirement, water requirement, inter-culture operations, plant protection measures, harvesting etc.
Identification of major pulse, oil seed and fodder crops and their phenotypic differences
Identification of major weeds of these crops,
Composting techniques,
Measurement protocols of green house gases,
Visits to farms engaged in organic farming
Annonymus: Latest edition of Handbook of Agriculture published by Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, ICAR New Delhi.
Principles of Plant Nutrition by Konrad Mengel and Ernest A. Kirkby.
Textbook of Field Crop Production by Rajendra Prasad.
Introduction to Agronomy & Principles of Crop Production by S.R.Reddy.
Principles of Agronomy by T.Y.Reddy and G.H.S.Reddy
Credit Based Grading System Agriculture Technology, IV-Semester AT-4004 Soil Technology –II
Soil as a source of plant nutrients; Essential and beneficial elements, criteria of essentiality, forms of nutrients in soil; Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants; Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities
Problem soils-acid, salt affected and calcareous soils, characteristics, nutrient availabilities; Reclamation-mechanical, chemical and biological methods.
Movement of soil water - Saturated and unsaturated flow of water, Poiseuille’s law, Darcy’s law; Hydraulic conductivity, permeability and fluidity, hydraulic diffusivity; Infiltration, Percolation, Permeability, Drainage; Solute transport, movement of chemicals in soil-root continuum; Quality of irrigation water and its appraisal.
Soil fertility-Different approaches for soil fertility evaluation; Methods, soil testing-Chemical methods, critical levels of different nutrients in soil; Soil test based fertilizer recommendation to crops; Factors influencing nutrient use efficiency ( NUE) in respect of N,P,K,S, Fe and Zn fertilizer; Source, method and scheduling of nutrients for different soils and crops grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Principles of analytical Instruments and their calibration and applications,
Colorimetry and flame photometry;
Estimation of cation exchange capacity;
Estimation of available N, P, K, S and Zn in soils;
Preparation of interpretative reports of soil analysis and fertilizer recommendation;
Lime requirement and gypsum requirement of problem soils;
Evaluation of liquid and plastic limits;
Soil compaction test;
Evaluation of water retention characteristics of soil;
Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil;
Measurement of infiltration rate.
Soils and soil fertility – C.M. Thomson and F.R. Troeh
Soil fertility and fertilizers – S.L.Tisdale, W.L.Nelson, J.D. Beaton and J.L. Havlin
Soil Chemistry – Kim H. Tan.
Credit Based Grading System Agriculture Technology, IV-Semester AT-4005 Hydrology
Introduction; Hydrologic cycle; Precipitation‐forms, Weather systems for precipitation, Characteristics of precipitation in India; Rainfall measurement, rain gauge network, optimum number; Representation of rainfall data‐Mass curve, hyetograph, Moving average curve etc; Mean precipitation over an area‐Different methods.
Frequency analysis of point rainfall, Calculation of rainfall return period and probability, plotting position; Estimation of missing data, test for consistency of rainfall records; Double mass curve technique; Abstractions from precipitation‐ interception; Depression storage; infiltration; evaporation; evapo‐transpiration ‐ estimation and measurement; Reservoir evaporation‐methods of reduction, Infiltration indices.
Geomorphology of watersheds ‐ stream number, stream length, stream area, stream slope and Horton’s laws; Runoff ‐ factors affecting, measurement; Runoff characteristics of streams, estimation of peak runoff rate and volume; Rational method, Cook’s method, SCS Curve number method.
Stream flow‐ measurement of stage and velocity, rating curve, extension of rating curve; Hydrograph; components, Factors affecting the shape of hydrograph, base flow separation, unit hydrograph theory – Assumptions, applications, derivation of unit hydrographs, unit hydrograph of different durations, dimensionless unit hydrograph, distribution hydrograph, synthetic unit hydrograph, uses and limitations of unit hydrograph.
Floods‐Terms and definitions, Head water flood control ‐ methods, retards and their location; flood routing – graphical methods of reservoir flood routing; Channel routing‐Muskinghum method; Hydrology of dry land areas ‐ drought and its classification; introduction to watershed management and planning.
Visit to meteorological observatory to study different types of rain gauges;
Exercise on analysis of rainfall data;
Exercise on Double mass curve technique;
Determination of average depth of rainfall and frequency analysis;
Study of stage recorders and current meters;
Exercise on estimation of peak runoff rate and runoff volume;
Exercises on hydrograph and unit hydrograph;
Exercises on flood routing problems.
Chow, V.T. (1964). Hand Book of Applied Hydrology. Mc Graw Hill, New York.
Linsley, R.K., Kohler, M.A., and Paulhus, J.L.H. (1984). Hydrology for Engineers. Mc Graw Hill Pub.Co. Japan.
McCuen, R. H. (1989). Hydrologic Analysis and Design. Printice Hall.
Mutreja, K.N. (1990). Applied Hydrology. Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co., New York.
Raghunath, H.M. (2006). Hydrology‐Principles, Analysis and design. New age International (P) Ltd.
Singh, V. P. (1992). Elementary Hydrology. Prentice Hall India.
Subrahmanya, K. (1987). Engineering Hydrology. TataMcGrawHillPub.Co. New Delhi.
Credit Based Grading System
C language alphabet set, identifiers, Variables and constants Data types, Builtin and user Defined Data types Arrays operators and expressions Simple assignment and Input-output statements, preprocessor directives writing simple ‘C’ programs, compiling and executing ‘C’ Programs.
Conditional statements and loops: IF statement IF–ELSE statement, SWITCH statement, FOR statement, WHILE and Do WHILE statement.
Function: Function declaration or prototype. Function definition, function calling: call by value, call by reference, Recursion.
Introduction to pointers, File processing: concept of files, file opening, editing, reading and writing.
Programming in ANSI C, by Balagurusamy, Tata McGraw Hill
The C programming Language. By Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie. Published by Prentice-Hall
Let us C by Y.Kanetkar, BPB Publication
Design and execute a ‘C’ program for multiplying two nXn matrics.
Design a ‘C’ program to calculate Average of ‘n’ numbers.
Design a ‘C’ program to add two numbers using call by value parameter passing mechanism.
Design a ‘C’ program to swap the contents of two variables using call by reference parameter passing mechanism.
Design a ‘C’ program to open a file and add contents to modify the file.